双歧杆菌BB12对便秘大鼠的通便作用及对胃肠激素的调节

目的：研究双歧杆菌BB12对便秘大鼠的通便作用及对相关胃肠激素的调节。方法：将48 只Wistar大鼠按性别分开,雌雄各半。按体质量随机分为正常对照组、阳性对照组、模型对照组、双歧杆菌BB12低、中、高剂量组,每组4 只。造模后灌胃相应受试样品,记录各组大鼠每日进食量、饮水量、体质量、排便粒数,测定粪便含水量、小肠炭末推进率、血清胃泌素、胃动素、P物质、生长抑素含量。结果：双歧杆菌BB12能显著减少便秘大鼠的饮水量,增加便秘大鼠的排便粒数、小肠炭末推进率、血清胃动素和P物质含量,降低生长抑素含量,且作用具有一定的性别差异和剂量相关性。对便秘大鼠的进食量、体质量、粪便含水量、血清胃泌素含量无明显作用。结论：双歧杆菌BB12对便秘大鼠具有通便作用,其作用机制与其调节胃肠激素的分泌有关。     

Lactobacillus plantarum YS2 (yak yogurt Lactobacillus) exhibited an activity to attenuate activated carbon-induced constipation in male Kunming mice

The present study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum YS2 (LP-YS2) that was isolated from yak yogurt on activated carbon-induced constipation in Kunming (KM) mice. The KM mice were orally administered LP-YS2 and reference strain Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. Administration of LP-YS2 [1.0 × 10⁹ cfu/kg of body weight (BW)] promoted gastrointestinal peristalsis and reduced the first black stool defecation time (129 min), which clearly defines attenuation of the voiding difficulty in mice with constipation. The LP-YS2 treatment also increased the serum level of motilin (MTL; 178.2 pg/mL), gastrin (69.4 pg/mL), acetylcholine (Ach; 30.1 pg/mL), substance P (SP; 57.6 pg/mL), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 53.2 pg/mL) and reduced the somatostatin (SS, 32.6 pg/mL) levels compared with the L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus treatment (MTL, 139.7 pg/mL; gastrin, 43.1 pg/mL; Ach, 15.9 pg/mL; SP, 43.6 pg/mL; VIP, 32.3 pg/mL; SS, 55.1 pg/mL) and the control (MTL, 105.3 pg/mL; gastrin, 26.7 pg/mL; Ach, 9.7 pg/mL; SP, 30.2 pg/mL; VIP, 21.0 pg/mL; SS, 70.5 pg/mL). The LP-YS2 treatment significantly increased the colonic mRNA and protein expression of c-Kit (CD117, cluster of differentiation 117; 2.87 times mRNA expression of the control group), stem cell factor (30.40 times mRNA expression of the control group), and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (29.97 times mRNA expression of the control group) in mice with constipation. In addition, LP-YS2 reduced the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (0.42 times mRNA expression of the control group) and nitric oxide synthase (0.49 times mRNA expression of the control group) in constipated mice. These results demonstrate that LP-YS2 was able to attenuate the activated carbon-induced constipation in KM mice.     

黑菊芋水提液对便秘小鼠润肠通便作用的研究

目的:研究黑菊芋水提液对便秘小鼠肠蠕动和排便功能的影响。方法:使用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,将KM小鼠随机分成9组,分别为空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组、鲜菊芋低、中、高剂量组和黑菊芋低、中、高剂量组,低、中、高剂量组对应的给药量分别为2.5、5.0和10.0 g/kg bw,检测小鼠的体重变化、小肠推进运动、排便情况及粪便中短链脂肪酸含量等指标。结果:与对照组相比,模型组小鼠的首粒黑便时间显著推迟(P<0.05),肠墨汁推进率,6 h内排便粒数及排便重量显著降低(P<0.05),粪便中短链脂肪酸总量显著降低(P<0.01),说明便秘模型建立成功。与模型组相比,5.0和10.0 g/kg bw黑菊芋水提液能够显著缩短便秘小鼠首粒黑便时间(分别提前24.57%和36.56%),增加小鼠黑便粒数(分别增加67.64%和85.29%)和黑便质量(分别增加87.31%和67.26%),增强小鼠小肠墨汁推进率(分别增加70.59%、101.02%),促进小鼠肠道代谢产生乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,提高肠道中短链脂肪酸的总量。结论:5.0和10.0 g/kg bw黑菊芋水提液可以有效促进便秘小鼠的肠道蠕动,缓解便秘,具有润肠通便的功能,本研究为黑菊芋的保健功效提供了依据。     

植物乳杆菌YS-1对活性炭诱导小鼠便秘的预防作用

检测植物乳杆菌YS-1(Lactobacillus plantarum YS-1,LP-YS1)对活性炭诱导便秘昆明小鼠的影响。结果表明LP-YS1的抗胃酸和胆盐能力强于保加利亚乳杆菌。LP-YS1能抑制便秘造成的小鼠体质量、粪便质量、颗粒数和含水量的下降。同时LP-YS1可以提高活性炭在小肠中的推进率和缩短排出首粒黑便的时间。LP-YS1还能使便秘小鼠的胃动素(motilin,MTL)、内皮素(endothelin,ET)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,ACh E)、P物质(substance P,SP)、血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP)水平提高和生长抑素(somatostatin,SS)水平下降。逆转录聚合酶链式反应实验进一步显示LP-YS1可以上调便秘小鼠小肠组织c-Kit(干细胞因子受体)、干细胞因子(stem cell factor,SCF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(glial cellline-derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)基因的m RNA表达和下调瞬时感受器电位香草酸受体1(transient receptor potential vanilloid 1,TRPV1)、一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)基因的表达。高浓度的LP-YS1显示出更好的作用,且显著优于保加利亚乳杆菌。这些实验结果证明LP-YS1可有效缓解便秘。     

红枣膳食纤维改善小鼠功能性便秘及调节肠道菌群功能

研究红枣膳食纤维改善小鼠功能性便秘和调节肠道菌群功能的作用。将小鼠随机分为溶剂对照组、模型对照组和0.30、0.60、1.20 g/（kg·d）低、中、高3 个红枣膳食纤维剂量组。连续灌胃10 d后建立功能性便秘模型,记录红枣膳食纤维对小鼠小肠推进率、排便时间和排便质量的影响。按照同样的分组方法将小鼠分为4 个组（溶剂对照组及红枣膳食纤维低、中、高剂量组）,连续灌胃14 d,分别采集小鼠灌胃0 d和14 d的新鲜粪便进行培养和菌群鉴定、计数。结果显示：红枣膳食纤维可以极显著提高小鼠小肠推进率（P＜0.01）,可缩短小鼠首粒排黑便时间并增加排便粒数和质量（P＜0.05）;显著降低小鼠肠道内产气荚膜梭菌、肠杆菌和肠球菌的含量,同时促进双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的增殖（P＜0.05）,并且在剂量达到0.60 g/（kg·d）时即能产生作用。可见红枣膳食纤维可改善小鼠功能性便秘、调节肠道菌群平衡。     

一种中草药组方保健食品润肠通便功能的研究

随着社会经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高,原有的饮食习惯逐步发生改变,便秘这一影响现代人生活质量的常见疾病越来越受到重视,因此寻找安全有效的润肠通便产品显得十分重要。本文研究一种中草药组方保健食品的润肠通便功能。采用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,通过小鼠小肠推进实验和排便实验,检测小鼠的首次排便时间、5h内排便粒数、排便重量、小肠墨汁推进率,以及对小鼠结肠P物质(SP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)和小鼠突触素(SY)的影响。研究发现:与便秘模型组相比,中草药组分保健食品各剂量组都能缩短复方地芬诺酯小鼠的排便时间,增加5小时小鼠排出的粪便粒数和重量,提高复方地芬诺酯小鼠的墨汁推进率,促进小鼠的肠胃蠕动,提高小鼠的SP值,降低VIP值。结果表明,研究的中草药组方保健食品具有较好的润肠通便作用。     

Molecular Characterization of Constipation Disease as Novel Phenotypes in CRISPR-Cas9-Generated Leptin Knockout Mice with Obesity

(1) Background: We characterized a novel animal model with obesity-induced constipation because constipation is rarely known in genetically engineered mice (GEM); (2) Methods: The changes in the constipation parameters and mechanisms were analyzed in CRISPR-Cas9-mediated leptin (Lep) knockout (KO) mice from eight to 24 weeks; (3) Results: Significant constipation phenotypes were observed in the Lep KO mice since 16 weeks old. These mice showed a significant decrease in the gastrointestinal motility, mucosal layer thickness and ability for mucin secretion as well as the abnormal ultrastructure of Lieberkühn crypts in the transverse colon. The density or function of the enteric neurons, intestinal Cajal cells (ICC), smooth muscle cells, and the concentration of gastrointestinal (GI) hormones for the GI motility were remarkably changed in Lep KO mice. The downstream signaling pathway of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) were activated in Lep KO mice, while the expression of adipogenesis-regulating genes were alternatively reduced in the transverse colon of the same mice; (4) Conclusions: These results provide the first strong evidence that Lep KO mice can represent constipation successfully through dysregulation of the GI motility mediated by myenteric neurons, ICC, and smooth muscle cells in the transverse colon during an abnormal function of the lipid metabolism.     

小麦戊聚糖润肠通便功能的实验研究

研究富含戊聚糖的小麦提取物的润肠通便作用,并探讨适宜剂量,为应用于功能食品提供依据。昆明小鼠分为低、中、高3个剂量组,另设空白对照与模型对照,以复方地芬诺酯建立便秘模型,通过计算墨汁推进率,判断受试样品对小鼠肠道蠕动功能的影响;通过测定首粒排红色粪便的时间和6 h内排便粒数及重量,判断受试样品对小鼠排便功能的影响,采用SPSS软件进行统计分析。3个剂量组的小麦戊聚糖提取物均可提高小肠墨汁推进率,与模型组相比具有显著差异;中、高剂量的小麦戊聚糖提取物可缩短首粒红便排出时间、提高6 h内排便数及重量,与模型组相比具有极显著差异。小麦戊聚糖提取物具有良好的促进排便和促进肠道蠕动功能,其中中剂量性价比最高,可推荐作为适宜的人体参考服用量。