Comparison of drying methods on physical and chemical properties of Shengli lignite

The physicochemical properties of Shengli lignite dewatered by three methods in hot air, microwave, and vacuum conditions were investigated. The effects of drying method on the coal pore structure, surface morphology, surface carbon-containing groups, and moisture readsorption performance of dewatered lignite were studied by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and dynamic water vapor sorption analysis (DVS). The results indicate that a large quantity of semi-open micropores and open-ended mesopores with a slit-like or cylinder shape exist in lignite. The specific surface area and total pore volume value of dewatered lignite decrease as follows: microwave-dried lignite (MD) > vacuum-dried lignite (VD) > hot air–dried lignite (HAD), which is consistent with MIP results. SEM images show that lignite dried by different methods is characterized by varied surface morphology. The XPS results reveal that VD has the highest content of C–C/C–H and the lowest content of C–O, and HAD has a higher content of C–O and a higher surface oxidation degree (α) than MD. In addition, the moisture readsorption capability of the dewatered lignite follows the sequence MD > VD > HAD.     

麦芽提取物在发酵饮料中的应用

麦芽提取物是一种完全源自谷物的天然食品,它含有丰富的麦芽糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蛋白质、小分子肽、人体必须的氨基酸和多种维生素、矿物质,还含有具有保健功能的β-葡聚糖和生育酚。用麦芽提取物生产的麦芽汁发酵饮料营养丰富,风味浓郁、独特、醇厚。与传统麦芽汁发酵饮料生产工艺相比,生产过程不需要糖化,从而使得工艺更为简单,生产周期更短,设备投入减少,降低了成本。     

氧化亚氮-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钒钛高炉渣中二氧化钛

钒钛高炉渣具有反应活性差、样品溶解困难的特点,采用硫酸-硝酸-氢氟酸三元混酸体系(体积比为1∶2.5∶1)在90~100℃温度下加热溶解钒钛高炉渣样品。为避免钛离子水解,用盐酸调节溶液酸度为1.0mol/L,并以氯化钾抑制高温下钛的电离,建立了氧化亚氮-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钒钛高炉渣中二氧化钛的方法。实验对溶解方法及测定条件进行了优化。结果表明,钛的质量浓度在4~30μg/mL范围内符合朗伯-比尔定律,线性相关系数为0.999 1,方法检出限为1.7mg/g。将实验方法应用于钒钛高炉渣标准物质和实际样品中二氧化钛的测定,测得结果与认定值基本一致,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于0.4%。     

A seawater‐assisted self‐healing metal–catechol polyurethane with tunable mechanical properties

Recently, self‐healing polymers have been one of the most intriguing academic fields due to the fact that they can increase their service lives and reduce the amount of waste. Here we designed and synthesized a novel telechelic polyurethane with dopamine (DA) end groups that are coordinated with Ca²⁺ to form dynamic non‐covalent bonds. The tensile stress of the designed polyurethanes increases with increase in the amount of metal cation added, while the strain at break slightly decreases. Rheological tests show that the ionic coordination between Ca²⁺ and catechol can dynamically break and recombine under the stimulation of seawater, endowing the polymer with superior self‐healing properties (up to 84% based on toughness). Therefore, the seawater‐triggered self‐healable, super tough polyurethane presented here is very intriguing as it has many potential applications especially in the marine environment. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

煤基质变形影响下含瓦斯煤渗透率动态变化规律

煤层渗透率不仅直接影响着煤层气(俗称瓦斯)抽采的效果,而且还是计算瓦斯涌出量的关键参数。为了明确不同压力条件下含瓦斯煤渗透率的变化规律,通过考虑有效应力和甲烷吸附/解吸对煤渗透率的综合影响,建立不同压力下含瓦斯煤渗透率动态演化模型;进而以山西晋煤集团岳城矿钻取的煤样为样品,开展了三轴应力状态下的渗透率测试实验,并将实验测试结果和模型计算结果进行对比,进而探讨不同压力下含瓦斯煤渗透率的动态变化规律。研究结果表明:①渗透率与压力的关系曲线呈不规则的"U"形,在相对低压阶段,随着压力增加,煤基质表面的甲烷吸附量增加,煤岩膨胀变形对渗透率的影响占主导地位,渗透率迅速减低,随着压力逐渐增加,甲烷吸附量达到饱和,有效应力对渗透率的影响占主导地位,渗透率小幅度回升;②实验结果和模型计算结果基本吻合,并且变化趋势也一致。结论认为,所建立的含瓦斯煤渗透率动态演化模型可靠,可以为煤与瓦斯突出防治及煤层气有效开采提供技术支撑。     

Indian culinary plants enhance glucose-induced insulin secretion and glucose consumption in INS-1 β-cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Six Indian plants, commonly used as culinary plants, herbs or spices (kikar; jamun; neem; harad; fenugreek; bitter gourd), were screened and compared for their antidiabetic potential in vitro. Aqueous plant extracts were prepared and assessed for their effect on the insulin secretion activity of rat pancreatic INS-1 β-cells and glucose consumption in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes in order to study their specific mechanisms of action. The effect of the plant extract concentration (25–1000 μg/ml) on insulin release and glucose consumption was also studied. All the extracts had a significant stimulatory effect on the insulin secretion of INS-1 cells. In the presence of kikar extract (100 μg/ml), an increase of 228% in insulin release was recorded compared to the control (5.6 mM glucose) whereas that was 270% and 367% in the presence of kikar and jamun extracts (500 μg/ml), respectively. 3T3-L1 cells treated with jamun extract (100 μg/ml) exhibited the highest increase in glucose consumption by the cells (94%, compared with the control) followed by harad (53%) and fenugreek (50%) extracts. A significant inhibitory effect of the fenugreek, kikar and jamun extracts on glucose diffusion across a dialysis membrane suggested that these extracts could partly act by decreasing glucose absorption in the small intestine. The results showed that a combination of these plants in diet could help in the management of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.     

Investigation of a novel spot defect on a hot dip galvanized high-silicon AHSS sheet

Improving the galvanizability of high silicon advanced high strength steels(AHSS) is a practical technical challenge. In this study,spot defects on an industrial hot dip galvanized(GI) sheet of an AHSS with1.5 % Si has been studied in-depth. The surface morphologies of spot defects before and after partial and complete removal of the Zn layer,as well as the interface between the outermost coating layer and the sheet substrate were characterized using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),a 3-D optical profiler,energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and focused ion beam(FIB) analysis. The most outstanding spot defect on the normally coated area of the steel sheet has a diameter of approximately 500 μm,with the following characteristics.In the central region of the spot defect,Zn is barely coated and the sheet substrate is covered by a thin silicon oxide film with dispersed Zn-Fe intermetallics. At the periphery of the spot defect,a burst structure of Zn-Fe intermetallics forms on the sheet substrate. Outside the spot defect where the Zn layer is normally coated,there is a continuous Fe2Al5 inhibition layer between the Zn coating and the sheet substrate. These results indicate that a silicon oxide film forms on the substrate during annealing prior to hot dipping,thus preventing the formation of the Fe2Al5 inhibition layer during hot dipping. This causes spot defects on high Si AHSS sheets.     

Novel Macromolecular Emulsifiers as Coatings with Water‐Tolerant Antifogging Properties Based on Coumarin‐Containing Copolymeric Micelles

An efficient macromolecular emulsifier as water‐tolerant antifogging coating based on coumarin‐containing copolymeric micelles is reported. Compared to the previous work using poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate), coumarin unit in copolymer‐based coating can be photo‐crosslinked under UV light to form an interchain network, successfully avoiding the use of chemical crosslinking agents.     

涂装磷化废水处理工艺改进研究

本文针对某整车厂涂装车间磷化含镍废水与车间其他污水混合处理的问题，重新设计了混凝沉淀工艺，改造了管路。运行结果表明，出水达到了国家污染物三级排放标准，且具有处理效果稳定、操作简便、污泥处理费用低等优点。