DSC and synchrotron-radiation X-ray diffraction studies on crystallization and polymorphic behavior of palm stearin in bulk and oil-in-water emulsion states

The crystallization and polymorphic behavior of palm stearin (PS) in a bulk state and in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion droplets (average diameter, 1.7±0.3 μm) was observed by using DSC, optical microscopy, and in situ X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation (SR-XRD). For the bulk sample the DSC measurements revealed three main exothermic peaks at approximately 31 (large), 21 (small) and 3°C (medium) on cooling, and broad endothermic peaks at approximate −3 (small), 8, 15 to 25 (medium), and 37 and 53°C upon heating. The SR-XRD patterns taken during cooling from 60 to −5°C clarified that the DSC exothermic peaks around 31 and 3°C corresponded to crystallization of the α form of high-melting and low-melting fractions, respectively, and that the occurrence of β′ corresponded to the small exothermic peak around 21°C. The XR-XRD patterns taken during heating from −5 to 60°C demonstrated that the DSC endothermic peaks corresponded to the following transformation processes: melting of α of the low-melting fraction (−3°C), melt-mediated transformation from α to ∇′ (15–25°C), melting of β′ (36°C), and melting of β (53°C) of the high-melting fraction. As for the O/W emulsion sample, the DSC and SR-XRD measurements during the cooling and heating processes exhibited basically the same behavior as that of PS in the bulk state, except that β′ did not crystallize during the cooling process, and the temperatures of crystallization of α, melt-mediated α→β′→β transformation, and melting of β were lower in the emulsion droplets than in the bulk state.     

核壳乳剂的潜影分布和Sabatier效应的研究

本文制备了两种单分散八面体模型孔剂,一种是含碘10mol％的碘均匀分布碘溴化银乳剂,另一种是内核含碘20mol％的碘溴化银,外壳为溴化银的核壳乳剂。并对它们分别进行表面硫加金和硫加金加铱敏化。用简单腐蚀技术研究上述乳剂的内部影像空间分布的结果表明:随着表面敏化程度的增加,表面敏度逐渐增大;随着腐蚀的深入,内部敏度逐渐减少。核壳乳剂的表面和内部敏度均大于碘均匀分布颗粒乳剂。核壳乳剂的内部影像在颗粒內部先逐渐减少,在一定深度以后又逐渐上升,内部影像分布出现“低谷”,且“低谷”程度与表面敏化程度有关。Sabatier效应研究的结果表明:产生较明显的Sabatier效应的乳剂颗粒既要有足够的表面敏度,也要有足够的内部敏度,且两者要匹配。同时提出了产生Sabatier效应的机理。     

AC/MMA接枝改性天然胶乳的制备及性能研究

以丙烯基氯（AC）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）接技改性天然胶乳，采用正交试验方法研究引发剂用量，反应温度，单体配比，胶乳浓度等对接枝聚合反应中单体转化率和接枝率的影响，测试了改性天然胶乳的粘度，粘接性能及其硫化胶膜的力学性能，耐溶剂性和阻燃性，结果表明，适宜的接枝聚合反应条件为：引发剂异丙苯过氧化氢（CHP）和四乙烯五胺（TEP）的质量分数分别为0．58％和0．36％－0．72％（占橡胶质量的百分率）、反应温度为30℃、单体体积配比v（MMA）：v(AC）＝1．5：1、胶乳质量分数为53．3％，所得接枝胶乳粘度较高，粘结性能较好，耐溶剂性能剂，且有较好阻燃性。     

Properties of palm-oil-in-water emulsions: Effect of mixed emulsifiers

Palm-oil-in-water emulsions were prepared with mixtures of Tween 40 and Span 40 in various proportions. Stability and droplet-size distribution of the emulsions were monitored. Interfacial tensions of the palm oil/water interface were also determined in the presence of these emulsifier mixtures. Emulsifying efficiency of the emulsifier mixtures was assessed. No synergistic effect of Tween 40 (sorbitan monopalmitate with 18–22 moles of ethylene oxide) and Span 40 (sorbitan monopalmitate) was found on interfacial tension. Tween 40 alone (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value 15.6) at 1.0% w/w gave palm oil emulsions that were stable for more than 30 d at 60°C. Emulsifier mixtures of Tween 40 and Span 40 with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values in the range of 8.0–8.6 produced stable emulsions only at much higher emulsifier-mixture concentrations. The inherent nature of the oil and the accompanying natural surface-active materials present in the oil can influence the prevailing conditions at the oil/water interface and alter composition of the interfacial film and hence its stability.     

醋酸乙烯-丙烯酸无皂乳液共聚的研究

以醋酸乙烯(VAc)为主单体,丙烯酸(AA)为改性功能单体,以半连续加料方式进行无皂乳液共聚过程,得到了稳定且固含量为30%左右的乳液。探讨了功能单体AA含量、反应温度等对共聚的影响。采用FT-IR、粒径分析等方法对共聚物的组成、乳胶粒子的尺寸及分布进行了分析表征。结果表明:在(65±2)℃下聚合,所得乳液稳定性好、转化率高、反应完全,且随着功能单体AA含量的增加,乳液黏度上升、单体转化率下降、乳胶粒粒径变小且粒径呈单分散性。     

丙烯酸酯乳液的改性研究

制备了丙烯酸酯乳液,探讨了丙烯酸、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、二乙烯基苯、丙烯腈和三聚氰胺等不同改性剂对乳液性能的影响,在此基础上通过互穿网络聚合、化学共聚及物理共混等方法对乳液的性能进行了改性研究。     

改性聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液胶粘剂的研究进展

综述了国内外改性聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液胶粘剂的研究进展,并对聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液胶粘剂的改性研究提出了一些建议和展望。     

纳米TiO2的分散及在水性涂料中的应用研究

研究了各因素对纳米TiO2水悬浮液稳定性的影响,通过正交试验筛选出了最佳的分散工艺,解决了纳米TiO2在水性介质中的团聚问题.将分散后的纳米TiO2浆料加入到普通的水性苯丙乳液涂料中,加入各种助剂配制出了性能优异的水性纳米TiO2涂料,并对涂料的性能进行了测试.     

聚合物乳液的稳定性

简要讨论了乳液稳定性的原理,综述了乳液配方、乳胶粒组成和结构对聚合物乳液电解质稳定性、机械稳定性、冻融稳定性和贮存稳定性的影响。     

Soap‐free emulsion copolymerization of perfluoroalkyl acrylates in the presence of a reactive surfactant

Soap‐free emulsion copolymerization of perfluoroalkyl acrylate (FA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA)/n‐butyl acrylate (n‐BA) was carried out in the presence of sodium 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propanesulfonate (AMPSNa) as a reactive surfactant and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. An analysis of the effects of concentration of AMPSNa, KPS, FA as well as polymerization temperature on the kinetic features (rate of polymerization) and colloidal characteristics (mean particle diameter, particle disperse index, particle numbers, and surface charge density) was followed. NMR, FTIR, AFM, and fluorine‐selective electrode analysis were used to characterize the composition and morphology of the FA copolymers. Both AFM analysis and contact angle measurements strongly implied that the fluorinated segments migrated to the outmost surface and created films with lower surface energy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2438–2444, 2007