宁夏引黄灌区玉米喷灌技术模式集成与示范应用

根据宁夏黄羊滩农场喷灌工程的实践和技术应用研究,对喷灌工程水源建设技术、玉米耕作与栽培技术等6项技术模式进行了集成,对喷灌节水应用取得的经济、社会、生态效果进行了分析,提出进一步发挥大型喷灌机技术优势的建议.     

玉米须总皂苷提取方法比较研究

以玉米须为原料,对玉米须总皂苷的提取方法进行研究.考察有机试剂浸提法、超声法、微波法对玉米须总皂苷提取率的影响,并对这三种方法的动力学特性进行对比.试验结果表明：有机溶剂浸提法提取玉米须总皂苷得率较高,但有机溶剂用量较大,实验时间较长;微波法和超声法试验相对简单,时间较短、温度较低、提取速率较快.因此,微波法和超声法作为玉米须总皂苷的提取方法值得推广.     

偶联剂对玻璃纤维增强淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

分别以马来酸酐、KH550、KH560和KH570为偶联剂对玻璃纤维进行预处理,再与淀粉、聚乳酸(PLA)复合,通过熔融挤出法制备玻璃纤维增强淀粉/PLA复合材料。研究了偶联剂种类对玻璃纤维增强复合材料熔融指数、力学性能、热性能和熔融流变性能的影响。实验发现马来酸酐、KH550、KH570、KH560处理玻璃纤维增强淀粉/PLA复合材料的熔融指数和力学性能都依次增大,表明KH560处理玻璃纤维增强淀粉/PLA复合材料的界面黏结作用最强。对热性能进行表征发现,马来酸酐、KH550、KH570、KH560处理玻璃纤维增强淀粉/PLA复合材料玻璃化转变温度、重结晶温度、结晶度和热稳定性均依次提高。受玻璃纤维与淀粉/PLA基体界面黏结效果的影响,马来酸酐、KH550、KH570、KH560处理玻璃纤维增强淀粉/PLA体系的储能模量和复数黏度依次增大。     

玉米胚芽油对冰淇淋性质的影响的探讨

主要探讨了在冰淇淋生产过程中,以玉米胚芽油部分代替奶油的可行性。通过对稳定剂的品种、玉米胚油的添加量及工艺条件的研究找出了最佳配方,按此工艺生产的冰淇淋不仅具有紧密的形体,而且具有光滑细腻的组织结构和醇厚持久的风味,同时提高了冰淇淋的营养价值。     

高取代度羟丙基玉米淀粉的性质研究(Ⅱ)——流变学性质

研究了高取代度羟丙基玉米淀粉溶液的流变学性质及其影响因素。结果表明：高取代度羟丙基玉米淀粉在５％～２０％浓度范围,２０～４０℃范围内呈现假塑性流体特征,符合幂定律;高取代度羟丙基玉米淀粉浓度越高,温度越低,其假塑性越明显;取代度对羟丙基玉米淀粉的流变性影响较显著,而ｐＨ值的影响则较小;高取代度羟丙基玉米淀粉具有剪切稀化性质,其表观粘度受剪切速率的影响并不太明显。     

生物农药防治玉米土传性病害药效的测定

采用美国生产的ＢＧ－２、Ｓｏｉｌｇａｒｄ两种生物农药和国内生产的生物型种衣剂（ＺＳＢ）对玉米茎腐病和纹枯病苗期和成株期的防治试验表明：两种生物农药均可在一定程度上防治茎腐病菌在苗期引起的根腐病,其中ＢＧ－２对镰孢菌的防治效果高达５５．１４％;Ｓｏｉｌｇａｒｄ对腐霉菌的防治效果达５５．５７％。ＢＧ－２对纹枯病的防治效果比ＺＳＢ好。田间试验表明：ＺＳＢ对纹枯病比对茎腐病的防治效果好。１：４０的种子包衣量为最佳。粉锈宁与ＺＳＢ混用比单独粉锈宁拌种防治茎腐病的效果好。     

Structure-activity relationships for analogs of (+)-(E)-endo-Β-bergamoten-12-oic acid,an oviposition stimulant ofHelicoverpa zea (Boddie)

-Bergamotenoic acid, a compound previously shown to stimulate oviposition inH. zea, was converted into a set of bicyclic analogs and tested with a set of acyclic side chain analogs to ascertain the molecular structure that maximizes insect behavioral response. While changes in the bicyclic ring elicited no variation in response, alteration in the side chain structure of-bergamotenoic acid resulted in significant changes in moth preference. Free rotation about the C-C bond proximal to the carboxylic acid group appears to be an important structural factor, since saturation of the side chain double bond significantly increased activity. The carboxylic acid group seems to be required for strong oviposition stimulation, since analogs lacking the carboxylic acid group exhibited no significant oviposition activity. Oviposition preference ofH. zea was also influenced by the length of the hydrocarbon chain to which the carboxylic acid is attached. While hexanoic acid was found inactive, the ovipositional preference for the heptanoic and octanoic acids was greatest for the one 8-carbon tested. This and other work suggest that carboxylic acids of specific chain lengths influence the oviposition behavior of bothHelicoverpa andHeliothis species and may be associated with host-plant selection. The potential use of this information in designing integrated pest management strategies for control ofH. zea is discussed.     

Effects of α-Terthienyl on the midgut detoxification enzymes of the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis

The biochemical basis for the tolerance of the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, to the phototoxin-terthienyl was investigated by measuring the midgut polysubstrate monooxygenases and glutathioneS-transferase activities.-Terthienyl administered in the diet to the corn borers increased the level of cytochromeb ₅, NADH-cytochromec reductase,O-demethylase, and glutathioneS-transferase activities. The induced detoxification enzyme activities should enable the corn borer to metabolize-terthienyl more efficiently and therefore render the corn borer highly tolerant to-terthienyl.     

玉米种皮膳食纤维对面团流变学特性及饺子皮品质的影响

采用粉质仪和拉伸仪研究了不同添加量玉米种皮膳食纤维面团的粉质拉伸特性和质构特性,采用物性测试仪(TPA)研究了不同添加量玉米种皮膳食纤维对制作的生饺子皮和熟饺子皮质构的影响.结果表明:玉米种皮膳食纤维的添加,使面团的吸水率增大、形成时间与稳定时间显著延长、弱化度下降;使面团的拉伸曲线面积、抗拉伸阻力和拉伸比例增大,面团延伸性变小;使生饺子皮硬度和黏附性减小,其弹性、内聚性、胶凝性、咀嚼性和回复性增大,熟饺子皮黏附性减小,硬度、弹性、胶凝性、咀嚼性和回复性增大,内聚性基本不变.     

我国玉米供需曲线估测与市场预测

通过两阶段最小二乘法估测了我国玉米供需曲线,并预测未来两年均衡价格和净进口量.研究发现影响我国玉米供给的因素有玉米价格、大豆价格、技术进步和成灾率,影响我国玉米需求的因素有玉米价格、小麦价格、人均国内生产总值和总人口;预测未来两年我国玉米价格和净进口量都将呈上升趋势,我国将成为玉米净进口国.