多效唑对甜玉米种子老化的保护效应

经人工老化的甜玉米种子活力下降，发芽势、发芽率也随着老化时间延长而降低，蛋白质、可溶性糖含量亦明显降低．与水处理相比，经PP333处理后蛋白质和可溶性糖含量随着处理时间的增加而增加，经水和PP333处理的甜玉米，POD活性呈先迅速下降后缓慢增强的趋势。     

Pretreatment of Corn Stalk by Steam Explosion

A steam explosion pretreatment,which is one of the best ways of pretreating plant stalk,is applied at various severities to corn stalk.It could effectively modify the super-molecular structure of com stalk and defibrat-ing corn stalk into individual components.The relationship between yield of reducing sugar and the operating con-ditions,including temperature,pressure of steam explosion pretreatment and acidity,is also established.Experi-mental results prove that the steam explosion substantially increases the yidld of reducing sugar,and the optimal condition for steam explosion is as follows;the pressure is 2.0MPa,the pressure-retaining time 300s,the initial acid concentration 1%and the acid treatment time 24h.     

玉米变性淀粉压裂液稠化剂的研制

对玉米淀粉经化学和物理变性制得变性淀粉。将该变性淀粉与少量植物胶XDF复配制成压裂液稠化剂。并对该稠化剂的理化性能、用量、复配比例以及压裂液的配方、性能和影响凝胶的因素进行了研究。结果表明:用该稠化剂配成的压裂液粘度高、流变性好、摩擦阻力小、易破胶、低残渣、低伤害,是一种适用于80℃以下低温的优良压裂液。     

玉米根系几何造型研究

通过对玉米根系形态建成过程根系的结构、生长及分布特点和规律观测研究,构建了描述玉米根系形态变化的数学模型。结合粒子系统和计算机图形学技术,在计算机上实现了玉米根系生长的三维显示。其结果和实际的玉米根系的生长发育过程基本一致,为农学研究者提供了一个可视化的根系模型。本模型结构简单、可交互、真实感强,可以较好地虚拟玉米根系的生长过程。     

生物有机肥料对土壤物理性质及玉米产量影响的试验初报

通过连续三年的施用生物有机肥料,结果表明:土壤的物理性质得到一定的改善,其中pH下降达3.53～5.39％,容重则提高0.37％～4.97％;产量显著提高,可达2.02％～80.3％。同有机无机混合肥料、有机肥料及化学肥料相比,具有明显优势。     

Study of the impact of a new hurdle technology composed of electro‐activated solution and low heat treatment on the canned pea and corn quality and microbial safety

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of sterilised canned pea and corn in electro‐activated brine solutions at moderate temperatures. The lowest change in vitamin C was associated with the lowest heat treatment, while the short treatment time resulted in significant changes in texture and colour of vegetables. Best texture profile was obtained with the acid electro‐activated brine solution for pea and corn. The neutral electro‐activated brine solution resulted in a less firm texture for pea and corn. The green colour and brightness of canned pea were higher when neutral solution was used (a* = ?8.4 ± 0.3) than for the acidic one (a* = ?3.7 ± 0.6). The yellowness of corn was better with the neutral electro‐activated brine solution (b* = 36.32 ± 1.24) than with the acidic one (b* = 28.44 ± 2.39). Thirty‐three percent decrease of energy consumption was obtained using the electro‐activation technology.     

Bioaugmentation with Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum W16 to enhance thermophilic hydrogen production using corn stover hydrolysate

In the present work, with corn stover hydrolysate as the substrate, an efficient hydrogen-producing thermophile, Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum W16, was added to three kinds of seed sludge (rotten corn stover (RCS), cow dung compost (CDC), and sludge from anaerobic digestion (SAD)) to investigate the effect of bioaugmentation on thermophilic hydrogen production. Batch test results indicate that the bioaugmentation with a small amount of the strain T. thermosaccharolyticum W16 (5% of total microbes) increased the hydrogen yield to varying degrees (RCS: from 8.78 to 9.90 mmol H₂/g utilized sugar; CDC: from 8.18 to 8.42 mmol H₂/g utilized sugar; SAD: from 8.55 to 9.17 mmol H₂/g utilized sugar). The bioaugmentation process also influenced the soluble metabolites composition towards more acetate and less butyrate production for RCS, and more acetate and less ethanol accumulation for SAD. Microbial community analysis indicates that Thermoanaerobacterium spp. and Clostridium spp. dominated microbial community in all situations and might be mainly responsible for thermophilic hydrogen generation. For RCS and SAD, the bioaugmentation obviously increased the relative abundance of the strain T. thermosaccharolyticum W16 in microbial community, which might be the main reason for the improvement of hydrogen production in these cases.     

Physicochemical characterisation of corn extrudates prepared with varying levels of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) at different extrusion temperatures

This study examines the effect of beetroot powder (BRP) incorporation (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) at different extrusion temperatures (125, 150 and 175 °C) on the physicochemical, antioxidant and sensory properties of corn grit (CG) extrudates. BRP showed higher values of total phenolic content (TPC = 9095 μg GAE g^?1) and free radical inhibition (ABTS = 6.5 μm trolox mg^?1 and DPPH = 7.9 μm trolox mg^?1) than CG (1346 μg GAE g^?1, 1.5 μm trolox mg^?1 and 2.2 μm trolox mg^?1, respectively). Pasting viscosity (peak, breakdown and final) decreased, while pasting temperature of CG increased with the level of BRP incorporation. Analyses of the extrudates showed an increase in redness, bulk density, hardness, TPC, free radical inhibition, total dietary fibre (TDF) and a decrease in water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), expansion ratio and oil uptake with the increase in the level of BRP incorporation. On the other hand, higher extrusion temperature increased porosity, WAI, WSI, oil uptake but decreased redness, bulk density, hardness and TPC.     

Corn grain-processing method interacts with calcium salts of palm fatty acids supplementation on milk production and energy balance of early-lactation cows grazing tropical pasture

The objective of our study was to investigate the associative effects of feeding Ca salts of palm fatty acids (FA) and corn grain-processing method on production, nutrient digestibility, energy balance, and carryover effects of early-lactation dairy cows grazing a tropical pasture. Treatment diets were offered from 3 to 16 wk postpartum (treatment period), in which all cows grazed elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum L. Cameroon) and treatments were added to a concentrate supplement. Treatments were flint corn grain-processing method either as fine ground (FGC) or steam-flaked (SFC) associated with Ca salts of palm FA supplementation either not supplemented or supplemented (CSPO). From 17 to 40 wk postpartum (carryover period) all cows received a common diet fed as total mixed ration. During the treatment period, a tendency for an interaction between CSPO and corn grain-processing method were observed for milk yield, milk fat yield, and energy-corrected milk (ECM), as CSPO caused them to increased to a greater extent in the FGC diet compared with the SFC diet. Furthermore, a tendency for an interaction between CSPO and corn grain-processing method was observed for body weight change, because CSPO increased body weight loss in the FGC diet but not in the SFC diet. The CSPO increased milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, ECM, and cumulative milk yield compared with not supplemented. Also, CSPO increased energy intake, milk energy output, and energy partitioning toward milk, whereas reduced energy was allocated to body reserves. The SFC increased milk yield, ECM, milk protein yield, milk casein yield, and cumulative milk yield, and decreased milk urea N compared with FGC. The SFC compared with FGC also increased body condition score and body weight change, and increased energy partitioning toward body reserves. During the carryover period, an interaction between CSPO and corn grain-processing method was observed for milk yield, which occurred because CSPO maintained higher milk yield in the FGC diet but not in the SFC diet. Therefore, in the carryover period, the additive effect between SFC and CSPO that occurred in the treatment period was not maintained throughout the carryover period. However, CSPO increased yields of milk fat, protein, casein as well as fat-corrected milk and ECM. In conclusion, corn grain-processing method interacts with CSPO supplementation on production responses and carryover effects of grazing cows. When CSPO was fed in the FGC diet, milk production increased to a greater extent than when fed in the SFC diet, but also caused greater mobilization of reserves at early lactation. This suggests an interaction between fat supplementation and corn grain-processing method on energy partitioning of dairy cows. Also, both supplementation with CSPO and SFC were effective strategies to increase energy intake and yields of milk and milk solids. The carryover effect on milk production was greater for CSPO supplementation than corn grain-processing method, whereas feeding SFC diets had lower mobilization of reserves and less body weight and body condition score variation throughout lactation.