Generation of nanocrystalline NiO particles by solution combustion method and its Zn?NiO composite coating for corrosion protection

The nanocrystalline nickel oxide (NiO) particles have been successfully prepared by a simple, fast, economical, and eco‐friendly solution‐combustion method using Ni(NO₃)₂ · 6H₂O (oxidizer) and sugar (dextrose as fuel). The as‐prepared compound was calcined for an hour at different temperatures. The synthesized NiO was characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM/EDX, TEM, XPS, FT‐IR, and UV–Vis spectral methods. The crystallite sizes of the NiO particles were measured. Rietveld refinement of X‐ray data matches the cubic structure with space group of Fm3m (No. 225). The thermal behavior of as‐prepared compound was examined. Scanning electron micrographs show uniform cubic like morphology of NiO and its chemical composition was measured. The TEM results reveal that the particle sizes were in the order of 70–80 nm. The red shift was noticed in UV–Vis absorption spectra. As an application part the Zn? NiO composite coating was prepared by electrodeposition method and its corrosion behavior was analyzed by Tafel, impedance and anodic polarization in aggressive medium.     

Laser ultrasonic characterisation of branched surface-breaking defects

Surface-breaking defects often have a geometry which is more complicated than the ‘normal slot’ used in many calibration tests, and this geometry will affect the reflection and transmission of ultrasonic surface waves incident on the defect. We present here measurements on defects with varied branched geometries, designed to simulate stress corrosion cracking (SCC) type defects, characterising the geometry using laser-based ultrasonic generation and detection of Rayleigh waves. We show the behaviour of the near-field enhancement and the far-field reflection as a function of branch position and length, and signal analysis which can be used to gain further information for characterising the defect geometry. The experimental results and finite element method (FEM) models presented in this paper highlight the potential of this technique to test components prone to developing SCC, in order to identify and characterise surface-breaking defects.     

Gold‐supported activated NiZn coatings: hydrogen evolution and corrosion studies

Gold‐supported Raney‐type NiZn coatings were prepared on a thin Ni film‐modified copper substrate (Cu/Ni/NiZn‐Au). The hydrogen evolution activity, time stability and corrosion behaviour of the electrode was investigated in 1 M KOH solution by electrochemical, microscopic and spectroscopic technique. It was found that Au‐modified activated coatings exhibits good hydrogen evolution activity, electrochemical and physical stability as well as corrosion resistance. The enhanced hydrogen evolution activity of the Au‐modified electrode was related to the larger available surface area and/or a possible synergistic effect between the metals. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement in an API grade steel

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of pipeline steels in contact with soil was investigated. Different soils were prepared in order to determine their physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics. Slow strain rate testing was carried out by using aqueous extracts from soil samples and NS4 standard solution. Stress vs. strain curves of API 5L grade X46 steel were obtained at different electrode potentials (E_corr, 100 mV below E_corr and 300 mV below E_corr) with 9 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹ and 9 × 10⁻⁷ s⁻¹ strain rate. In addition, the hydrogen permeation tests were carried out in order to evaluate the susceptibility of hydrogen penetrates into theses steels. The results demonstrated the incidence of cracking and their dependence on the potential imposed. In that case, cracking occurred by stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) had an important contribution to cracking initiation and propagation. Cracking morphology was similar to the SCC reported on field condition where transgranular cracking were detected in a pipeline collapsed by land creeping. It was important to point out that even under cathodic potentials the material showed the incidence of secondary cracking and a significant reduction of ductility.     

Comparison of influences of NaCl and CaCl2 on the corrosion of 11% and 17% Cr ferritic stainless steels during cyclic corrosion test

During the drying stage of the cyclic corrosion test on ferritic stainless steels in the NaCl environment, the current abruptly increased and then decreased to nearly zero, indicating that pits are initiated as the salt concentration is increased, which are then repassivated when the surface is completely dry. During the wet stage, the current remained high, suggesting that pits mainly propagate during the wet stage. In contrast, in the cyclic corrosion test in the CaCl₂ environment, the current was highest during the drying stage, indicating that the electrolyte is not completely dried and corrosion mainly propagates during the drying stage.     

铝铸造工器具表面涂层技术应用研究与开发

对耐铝液热腐蚀涂料进行了研究,主要包括钢铁耐铝液热腐蚀涂料的配方及性能优化,并对涂层各方面性能进行了测试。研究结果表明:按照氧化硅∶氧化铝∶氟化钙∶硼砂为5∶2∶1∶3、氧化钴和CMC的质数分数分别为0.5%和0.3%的配方制备的水性涂料,具有常温与高温强度高、与钢件表面附着牢固、抗热冲击性能优良、不粘铝液熔渣、涂覆简便易行等优点,可有效地防止高温铝液对铁质基体的腐蚀。     

脉冲频率对纳米晶镍镀层结构及性能的影响

采用脉冲电沉积方法在黄铜基体上制备纳米晶镍镀层。研究了脉冲频率对镀镍层的微观结构、硬度及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:直流电沉积制备的镀镍层表现为(111)晶面和(200)晶面的双择优取向,而脉冲电沉积制备的镀镍层仅在(111)晶面表现出择优取向;脉冲电沉积制备的镀镍层的硬度和耐蚀性均高于直流电沉积制备的镀镍层的;不同脉冲频率下制备的镀镍层的硬度没有显著差别,约为5 500 MPa;但不同脉冲频率下制备的镀镍层的耐蚀性存在差别,脉冲频率为0.1kHz时制备的镀镍层在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性最好。     

石化污水场金属管道及设备腐蚀原因探讨及对策

污水场金属设备及管道腐蚀严重,通过对相关污水水质、垢样成分和腐蚀类型的分析,得出在污水场金属管道及设备中存在铁细菌、硫酸盐还原菌的腐蚀和溶解氧的腐蚀。针对腐蚀产生的原因,提出了正确选用金属材料,改变腐蚀环境,采用耐腐蚀覆盖层,电化学保护,采用非金属材料等解决方案,通过一年的运行和监测,改造结果满足设计要求。