Pressures and procedures for the design of safe consumer products

An assessment is provided of the current position regarding changes in UK or EEC civil law under which injured parties can obtain redress in respect of injuries caused by defective products. One effect of proposed systems of strict liability in tort will be to shift some of the burden of proof from the injured party on to the producer of the product claimed to have caused injury. It is argued that this is a just and logical change, given the unfairness and anomalies in present systems and the relative abilities of consumers and producers to avoid such incidents and to bear or to offset the cost of the consequences. Cases of apparent misuse of a product by a consumer may frequently be induced by the design of that product and could thus be prevented by more thoughtful design. In order that producers can ensure their own viability and satisfy the consumer market, their products must be safe, efficient, comfortable and satisfying to use, as well as durable, serviceable and realistically priced. One requirement for achieving this has been said to be the input of accident and ergonomics data early in the product development process; the present paper examines this proposition. Evidence is provided by research into the design and manufacture of consumer products for the UK market, carried out at Birmingham University. Examined in particular are the extent to which formal development processes and design safety review procedures are used, and the degree of utilisation of accident, ergonomics, user testing and market feedback data, identifying barriers to the widespread use of these. Safe and ergonomic design of products must aim to be seen as a positive business activity, rather than as a cost-centre. The benefits to a company of a comprehensive design safety programme will more than outweigh the costs given the pressures identified earlier.     

风险社会下的刑法沉思——兼评食品安全刑法保护的严刑峻法

科技带来快捷与便利的同时也带来了风险与隐患,科技的“双刃剑”在食品安全领域的演绎尤为突出,助推着食品安全犯罪的发生并日益挑战民生底限。基于此,刑法在立法、司法乃至理论研究方面均呈现出严刑峻法的实证关注和理论热情。但法治毕竟不同于政治,更有别于民意,食品安全刑法保护理应遵循“秉承谦抑、坚守原则、兼顾例外、行政延伸”的理性进路。     

浅析金鸡拦河闸重建工程的环境保护与防治控制

论述了泉州市金鸡拦河闸重建工程的意义,分析了重建工程对河道上下游水生态环境的影响,提出了环境保护与污染防治措施。     

Inhibition effect of a synthesized N, N＇-bis（2-hydroxybenzaldehyde）- 1, 3-propandiimine on corrosion of mild steel in HC1

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl by N, N′-bis (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde)-1, 3-propandiimine (2-HBP) has been investigated by using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry measurements. The experimental results suggest that this compound is an excellent corrosion inhibitor for mild steel and the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in inhibitor concentration. Polarization curves reveal that this organic compound is a mixed type inhibitor. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel with the addition of the Schiff base was studied in the temperature range from 25℃ to 65℃. The experimentally obtained adsorption isotherms follow the Langmuir equation. Activation and thermodynamic adsorption parameters such as E a , ΔH, ΔS, K ads and ΔG ads were calculated by the corrosion currents at different temperatures and using the adsorption isotherm. The morphology of mild steel surface in the absence and presence of 2-HBP was examined by atomic force microscope (AFM) images.     

少数民族流动人口研究综述——以2008年以来CNKI数据库分析为例

近年来关于少数民族流动人口研究颇多,侧重点集中在少数民族流动人口现状、特点的总体分析、城市适应问题、子女教育问题、民族差异引发的社会问题、社会保障与权益保护问题、对城市民族关系的影响等方面。总结、归纳、分析、概括以上多方面的研究成果,对研究存在的问题及空白点加以剖析,以求从全局的角度关注此研究。     

具有防护要求的隔爆结构

提出了防爆电气设备的防护结构及某些具有特殊结构的防爆电气设备所采取的防护型式,分析了衬垫密封时存在的两种问题和注意事项,并对采用止口隔爆接合面、平面隔爆接合面时密封结构的设置位置进行了总结。     

消费者权益保护问题研究

目前,消费者权益纠纷日益增多,在处理这些纠纷时存在不少问题。为了有利于保护消费者的合法权益,对消费者的构成条件,消费者的权利,以及处理消费者权益纠纷承担民事责任的原则等问题进行了研究,并提出了新的观点,以进一步完善消费者权益保护法和正确处理消费者权益纠纷。     

我国刑事被害人权利保护在执法上存在的缺陷及其完善

目前，我国刑事被害人的权利保护状况已得到了很大的改善，然而，在执法实践中公安司法机关对被害人权利的保护仍存有许多缺陷，包括立案、侦查直至审判、执行等诉讼环节都还有系列需改进之处。针对执法之现状，我们必须采取有效措施去加以完善。     

自主知识产权是提升国家竞争力的核心

科学技术是第一生产力,自主创新是第一竞争力,只有加强自主知识产权的保护,才能调动和保护人们自主创新的积极性,开发更多更高质量的自主知识产品,提高我国经济的国际竞争力,为我国在国际经济竞争中争取主动权。