Volatile Emissions Triggered by Multiple Herbivore Damage: Beet Armyworm and Whitefly Feeding on Cotton Plants

Plants are commonly attacked by more than one species of herbivore, potentially causing the induction of multiple, and possibly competing, plant defense systems. In the present paper, we determined the interaction between feeding by the phloem feeder silverleaf whitefly (SWF), Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (B-biotype = B. argentifolii Bellows and Perring), and the leaf-chewing beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua Hübner, with regard to the induction of volatile compounds from cotton plants. Compared to undamaged control plants, infestation with SWF did not induce volatile emissions or affect the number and density of pigment glands that store volatile and nonvolatile terpenoid compounds, whereas infestation by BAW strongly induced plant volatile emission. When challenged by the two insect herbivores simultaneously, volatile emission was significantly less than for plants infested with only BAW. Our results suggest that tritrophic level interactions between cotton, BAW, and natural enemies of BAW, that are known to be mediated by plant volatile emissions, may be perturbed by simultaneous infestation by SWF. Possible mechanisms by which the presence of whiteflies may attenuate volatile emissions from caterpillar-damaged cotton plants are discussed.     

新疆,山东棉区棉蚜抗药性的对比

本研究于１９９５－１９９６年在新疆以新疆棉蚜为试虫进行了三次测定２０余种农药的ＬＤ５０，对比试验了２０余种农药的药效。并以全国棉蚜抗药性最高区山东省聊城棉区的抗性数据与之对比。发现新疆棉蚜的抗药性火已起步，对氰戊菊酯，涕灭威的抗性已超过山东，对久效磷，对硫磷的抗性已接近山东，吡虫啉的抗性也超过了山东。     

有色丙纶细旦棉型短纤维生产及纺纱技术研究

定性地分析和讨论有色PP细且棉型短纤维生产及其纺纱过程的主要因素,着重探讨有色母粒对成品纤维性能及纺纱过程的影响,确定最佳纺丝工艺条件,控制 PP 有色细且短纤维物理性能,以满足纺纱工艺要求.     

农作物秸秆增强氟石膏复合材料的微观结构研究

将玉米秸秆加入改性后的氟石膏中，研究改性剂、玉米秸秆对氟石膏复合材料结构性能的影响；并用苯丙乳液对玉米秸秆纤维进行表面处理，用以改善基体材料和增强材料的界面结合状况，由此显著提高制品性能。     

秸秆黄腐酸包膜尿素在水稻上的应用效果

在石灰性土壤上进行田间小区试验，结果表明，秸秆黄腐酸包膜尿素能满足水稻生长最大效率期对营养的要求，有利于有效穗的分化，提高结实率。等氮量试验平均增产9．6％，等重量试验平均增产7．4％。     

Electroantennogram responses ofCampoletis sonorensis (hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) to chemicals in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Combined gas chromatography-electroantennogram (GC-EAG) recording ofCampoletis sonorensis (Cameron) responses to cotton plant volatile chemicals was performed.C. sonorensis antennal olfactory receptors respond differentially to green leaf, mono-, and sesquiterpene chemicals that have been identified previously in cotton. EAG depolarizations to green leaf chemicals were greater than to terpenes.     

Adsorption of aroma chemicals on cotton fabric from aqueous systems

The adsorption of aroma chemicals on cotton fabric was studied relative to the surfactant concentration, surfactant type, water solubility, and fiber morphology. The adsorption increased with increasing surfactant concentration to a maximum near the critical micelle concentration, then decreased with further increases in surfactant concentration. The adsorption also was found to be highly dependent on the fiber surface area and pore structure; dramatic differences were observed between untreated and mercerized cotton fabric and are believed to be due to morphological differences. Cationic and anionic surfactants increased the aroma chemical adsorption, which varied with surfactant type, with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC)>sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)>H₂O. Water solubility also influenced adsorption; in most cases, adsorption increased with water solubility. In addition, adsorption was also influenced by chemical structure and hydrophobic interactions. The adsorption of aroma chemicals on cotton fabric can be attributed to the aqueous solution being physically held in capillaries and pore structures within the fibular structure of cotton fiber and also to molecular interactions among the aroma chemical molecules, surfactants, and cotton substrate.     

灭多威在棉花及土壤中降解动态及残留量研究

按生产上常规用量，每亩喷施２０％灭多威乳油６０毫升防治二代棉铃虫，施药后７天在棉叶上及１４天在土壤中其降解率分别为９８．８１％及８８．０９％；半衰期分别的１．５６天及４．９８天。防治二、三、四代棉铃虫，按有效剂量施药６次，有效成分７２克／亩，棉籽和土壤中的最大残留量分别为０．０２３及０．０８４微克／克；再加大５０％用量，有效成分１０８克／亩，最大残留量仅为０．０３４及０．２１４微克／克。结果表明，灭多威在棉叶上及土壤中降解较迅速，常规用量下，对棉籽及土壤污染较轻。     

微晶纤维素增粘剂的研制

以棉浆为原料，废盐酸为水解催化剂，所得合成革用微晶纤锥素增粘剂的质量指标达到了德国和日本同类产品的标准。     

改性聚氨酯固色剂的固色工艺研究

采用了一种自制的丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯固色剂,对活性染料染色后织物进行固色整理.通过对固色剂的用量、焙烘温度、焙烘时间和轧余率的探讨,确定了色织物的最佳固色整理工艺为：活性染料染色织物→二浸二轧（固色剂50g/L,轧余率75%）→烘干（70℃×3 min）→焙烘（150℃×3 min）.实验结果表明,此类固色剂对活性染料染色棉织物有良好的固色效果,可使织物的干湿摩擦牢度和水洗牢度有所提高.其固色效果与4种市售固色剂基本相当,固色后织物色光基本不变.