Prediction of genomic islands in three bacterial pathogens of pneumonia

Pneumonia is one kind of common infectious disease, which is usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. In this paper, we predicted genomic islands in three bacterial pathogens of pneumonia. They are Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively. For each pathogen, one clinical strain is involved. After implementing the cumulative GC profile combined with h and BCN index, eight genomic islands are found in three pathogens. Among them, six genomic islands are found to have mobility elements, which constitute a kind of conserved character of genomic islands, and this introduces the possibility that they are genuine genomic islands. The present results show that the cumulative GC profile when combined with h and BCN indexes is a good method for predicting genomic islands in bacteria and it has lower false positive rate than the SIGI method. Specially, three genomic islands are found to contain clusters of genes coding for production of virulence factors and this is useful for research into the pathogenicity of these pathogens and helpful for the treatment of diseases caused by them.     

几种确定作物施肥量的方法

确定作物施肥量是配方施肥技术中的核心问题。确定施肥量主要考虑作物产量、土壤供肥量和肥料利用率。介绍土壤养分分级法,目标产量配方法,田间试验法,氮、磷、钾比例法和经验施肥法确定施肥量的技术方法。     

大豆田后茬作物对金豆残留的药害反应

１９９６～１９９９年田间小区试验结果表明,大豆田使用不同剂量的金豆１２个月和２４个月后,小麦、玉米、油菜、甜菜、白菜等作物对土壤中残留的金豆有不同程度的反应。低剂量（４０,６０ｇａ．ｉ．／ｈｍ＾２）下,施药后１２个月对小麦、玉米、油极、甜菜和白菜等作物的出苗、生长和产量均无明显影响。８０、１２０ｇａ．ｉ．／ｈｍ＾２高剂量施药１２个月,小麦无明显药害症状,油菜和甜菜的株高、株鲜重和产量均不低于不施药     

Maize, soybean and sunflower litter dynamics in two physicochemically different soils

The decomposition rates of different plant parts of maize (Zea mays L.; Gramineae), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.; Leguminosae] and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.; Compositae) were studied in soils with different physicochemical characteristics, and their contribution to nutrient availability was assessed. Litter decomposition rates were affected by plant species, plant part, and soil characteristics. In site A (SiCL soil), loss of litter mass was highest in soybean followed by sunflower and maize. In site B (Loam soil), loss of litter mass for soybean and sunflower was almost the same, while for maize it was lower. Nutrient release was high when their soil concentration was initially low. The higher the initial concentration of a nutrient in a plant part the greater its release rate. Nutrients, especially N, released from maize litter mass will be available to successive crops for a longer period than for soybean and sunflower, and are unaffected by soil texture. Nutrients are easily removed from sunflower and soybeans and are more likely to be lost through leaching than nutrients from maize.     

几种药剂对玉米红蜘蛛的室内和大田药效

几种杀螨剂对玉米红蜘蛛窜内药效结果显示:对玉米红蜘蛛的主要种类--截形叶螨第7天的室内防效为28%哒螨灵乳油(78.3%)>240 g/L螨危FS(76.7%)>1.8%阿维菌素乳油(72.O%)>40%炔满特乳油(65.9%)>40%氧乐果乳油(63.3%)>2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油(58.3%).大田试验结果表明:30 d后以240 g/L螨危FS 150 mL/hm2的效果最佳,防效为76.8%;氧乐果由于在当地长期使用,效果已经很不理想,防治效果只有38.7%.     

农作物秸秆用于制备活性炭的研究进展

中国农作物秸秆产量很大,秸秆资源的利用领域在不断扩大。活性炭具有发达的孔隙结构、大的比表面积和较好的吸附能力。文章介绍了稻壳、稻秸秆、玉米秸秆、麦秸秆、烟秸秆、蚕豆秸秆(壳)、棉秸秆、青稞秸秆、桑树秸秆、油菜秸秆、麻类秸秆等制备活性炭的工艺方法以及活性炭的性能。     

肾脏内科住院患者感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的:调查肾脏内科住院患者感染病原菌分布和耐药性,为临床治疗细菌感染的抗菌药物选择提供依据。方法:收集2016年1月至2019年6月期间入住皖南医学院弋矶山医院肾脏内科患者送检标本培养阳性病原菌数据。结果:共培养出286株细菌,以呼吸道感染和泌尿道感染为主。革兰阴性菌占比89.51%,革兰阳性菌占比10.49%。革兰阴性菌中,肠杆菌科细菌检出前三位细菌分别是大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和阴沟肠杆菌,非发酵阴性菌检出前二位细菌分别是铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌;其中产超广谱β内酰胺酶细菌（ESBLs）检出率为32.87%,以大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主,对氨曲南和头孢曲松耐药率分别为83.8%和100%;碳青霉烯类耐药菌检出率为6.29%。在革兰阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌最常见,其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）检出率为4.89%。结论:在本院肾脏内科住院患者细菌感染中,产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌检出率高。     

一种切头剪液压缸升级改造的实施方法

根据产品升级需要,对某机组切头剪液压缸进行了改造设计,校核了关节轴承承载能力,针对现场情况,提供了一种简单的液压缸升级改造的实施方法。     

苯噻草胺的生物活性与应用技术研究

本文在温室条件下,采用盆栽试验方法,研究了苯噻草胺对稗草的生物活性以及对水稻的安全性,试验结果表明,苯噻草胺对１￣３叶期稗草有较高的生物活性,保水与否以及保水时间对其生物活性有明显的影响;苯噻草胺对移栽水稻,抛秧水稻较为安全,对１叶期直播水稻则有抑制作用,不宜使用。多点田间药效试验结果亦表明,苯噻草胺是一个安全,高效,施药适期较长的移栽稻田除稗剂。     

Back to the Origins: Background and Perspectives of Grapevine Domestication

Domestication is a process of selection driven by humans, transforming wild progenitors into domesticated crops. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), besides being one of the most extensively cultivated fruit trees in the world, is also a fascinating subject for evolutionary studies. The domestication process started in the Near East and the varieties obtained were successively spread and cultivated in different areas. Whether the domestication occurred only once, or whether successive domestication events occurred independently, is a highly debated mystery. Moreover, introgression events, breeding and intense trade in the Mediterranean basin have followed, in the last thousands of years, obfuscating the genetic relationships. Although a succession of studies has been carried out to explore grapevine origin and different evolution models are proposed, an overview of the topic remains pending. We review here the findings obtained in the main phylogenetic and genomic studies proposed in the last two decades, to clarify the fundamental questions regarding where, when and how many times grapevine domestication took place. Finally, we argue that the realization of the pan-genome of grapes could be a useful resource to discover and track the changes which have occurred in the genomes and to improve our understanding about the domestication.