湖泊流域种植系统磷流特征及影响分析

湖泊流域中农业种植排放的磷污染是水体富营养化的主要污染来源。通过物质流分析方法,建立湖泊流域农业种植系统的静态磷物质流分析模型,并以巢湖流域为例,运用模型系统地量化并分析了2006年流域农业种植系统中的种子、化肥、农药、粪便、作物、秸秆等含磷物质的代谢过程。结果表明,系统对水体磷贡献为20．84 kg／亩,其中畜禽粪便还田和化肥施用是造成水体磷污染的主要原因,其含磷量分别占系统磷总输入量的74．68％和15．07％,并提出防治畜禽养殖污染和提高磷肥施用效率等减少系统对水体磷污染的主要措施。研究为高效控制农业面源污染,寻找治理水体富营养化的新途径提供依据。     

热轧带钢结疤缺陷产生原因及控制

针对某热轧带钢厂带钢表面结疤缺陷的外形特征及分布规律,分析了该缺陷产生的原因。通过对精轧侧导板开度余量及短行程数值设置固化、优化电气控制程序确保剪前导板线性化、精轧侧导板上安装压力传感器等措施,有效降低了结疤缺陷发生率。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖抗菌复合膜的研制及其应用

以魔芋葡甘聚糖(Konjac Glucomannan,KGM)为基质,加入增塑剂、脂质、乳化剂、抗菌剂及生物抑制剂,在温度为50℃条件下干燥10 h,所制得的膜具有良好的阻湿阻气性能、可降解和抗菌性,有一定的强度.将该膜材料应用于龙眼保鲜上,效果优于普通聚乙烯薄膜袋.     

Pivotal Role of Phytohormones and Their Responsive Genes in Plant Growth and Their Signaling and Transduction Pathway under Salt Stress in Cotton

The presence of phyto-hormones in plants at relatively low concentrations plays an indispensable role in regulating crop growth and yield. Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting cotton production. It has been reported that exogenous phyto-hormones are involved in various plant defense systems against salt stress. Recently, different studies revealed the pivotal performance of hormones in regulating cotton growth and yield. However, a comprehensive understanding of these exogenous hormones, which regulate cotton growth and yield under salt stress, is lacking. In this review, we focused on new advances in elucidating the roles of exogenous hormones (gibberellin (GA) and salicylic acid (SA)) and their signaling and transduction pathways and the cross-talk between GA and SA in regulating crop growth and development under salt stress. In this review, we not only focused on the role of phyto-hormones but also identified the roles of GA and SA responsive genes to salt stress. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the performance of GA and SA and their responsive genes under salt stress, assisting in the further elucidation of the mechanism that plant hormones use to regulate growth and yield under salt stress.     

基于局部二值模式的作物叶部病斑检测

根据作物叶片症状准确、快速检测作物病害是防治和控制作物病害的基础。为准确检测作物叶部病害,在窗阈值中心对称局部二值模式（WTCSLBP）的基础上,提出了一种作物病斑检测方法。首先利用自适应局部二值模式获取正常叶片图像特征并确定病斑判断阈值,然后将待检测叶片图像分割为大小相同的检测窗,并提取同样特征与阈值进行比较,以判断该检测窗是否有病斑。在三种苹果病害叶片图像数据库上的实验结果表明,该方法能够有效检测作物病斑分布特性。与中心对称LBP（CS-LBP）和WTCSLBP相比,该方法具有更少的特征维数和更高的正确识别率。     

基于图像智能识别的农作物防治系统设计与开发

农药播撒在农作生产环节中至关重要,针对我国存在农药漏用、乱用的现象,设计的农作物防治系统将信息技术与农业生产相结合,基于Spring MVC框架,构建移动端微信小程序与后端管理系统,集合了病虫害图像识别、疫区防治信息维护和代理防控等模块。系统覆盖"播种—查虫—识别—防治"的业务闭环,提高了农业生产效率,助力我国农业信息化发展。     

脱硫石膏-秸秆新型复合墙体材料性能的研究

介绍了一种新开发的轻质墙体材料.这种墙体材料由脱硫石膏和秸秆按一定比例组合并掺入适量外加剂加水拌合而成.其质量轻(干密度仅为720 kg/m3),有足够的强度(1～3 d强度大于10 MPa,14 d强度大于20 MPa),耐久性好.脱硫石膏-秸秆复合料处于碱性环境下(浆液pH值=11),秸秆不易腐蚀,潮湿环境下也有较好的耐久性.由于脱硫石膏是电厂烟气脱硫的副产品,秸秆是收获果实后的废弃物,因此,新开发墙体材料的推广应用极有助于减轻或避免烟气中SO2和秸秆燃烧烟尘对大气的污染,以及对其它方面造成的损害.     

Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Inhibitors Targeting Bacterial Cell Growth

We synthesized potential inhibitors of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS), undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (UPPS), or undecaprenyl diphosphate phosphatase (UPPP), and tested them in bacterial cell growth and enzyme inhibition assays. The most active compounds were found to be bisphosphonates with electron‐withdrawing aryl‐alkyl side chains which inhibited the growth of Gram‐negative bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) at ～1–4 μg mL^?1 levels. They were found to be potent inhibitors of FPPS; cell growth was partially “rescued” by the addition of farnesol or overexpression of FPPS, and there was synergistic activity with known isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway inhibitors. Lipophilic hydroxyalkyl phosphonic acids inhibited UPPS and UPPP at micromolar levels; they were active (～2–6 μg mL^?1) against Gram‐positive but not Gram‐negative organisms, and again exhibited synergistic activity with cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors, but only indifferent effects with other inhibitors. The results are of interest because they describe novel inhibitors of FPPS, UPPS, and UPPP with cell growth inhibitory activities as low as ～1–2 μg mL^?1.