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11.
Copolyesters containing poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(hexamethylene terephthalate) (PHT) were prepared by a melt condensation reaction. The copolymers were characterised by infrared spectroscopy and intrinsic viscosity measurements. The density of the copolyesters decreased with increasing percentage of PHT segments in the backbone. Glass transition temperatures (Tg). melting points (Tm) and crystallisation temperatures (Tc) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. An increase in the percentage of PHT resulted in decrease in Tg, Tm and Tc. The as-prepared copolyesters were crystalline in nature and no exotherm indicative of cold crystallisation was observed. The relative thermal stability of the polymers was evaluated by dynamic thermogravimetry in a nitrogen atmosphere. An increase in percentage of PHT resulted in a decrease in initial decomposition temperature. The rate of crystallisation of the copolymers was studied by small angle light scattering. An increase in percentage of PHT resulted in an increase in the rate of crystallisation. 相似文献
12.
13.
Carboxyl‐terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile rubber (CTBN) has often been used to improve the toughness of cyanate ester (CE) resin while sacrificing modulus and thermostability. In this paper, the addition of the appropriate amount of epoxy resin (EP) to the CE/CTBN system is shown to not only increase the modulus and thermostability of the blend, but also improve the toughness. The values of impact strength showed a maximum for the CE/CTBN/EP 100/5/5 blend. The temperature of 10 % weight loss (T10) improves from 376 °C for CE/CTBN 100/5 to 407 °C for the CE/CTBN/EP 100/5/2.5 blend. It is proposed that addition of the appropriate amount of EP can decrease the mobility and increase the stability of CTBN via the reaction between the terminal carboxyl group of CTBN and the hydroxyl group of EP. But a very high EP concentration will decrease the crosslinking density of CE, consequently reducing the mechanical properties and thermostability of the blends. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
14.
A series of new alternating aromatic poly(ester‐imide)s were prepared by the polycondensation of the preformed imide ring‐containing diacids, 2,2′‐bis(4‐trimellitimidophenoxy)biphenyl (2a) and 2,2′‐bis(4‐trimellitimidophenoxy)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (2b) with various aromatic dihydroxy compounds in the presence of pyridine and lithium chloride. A model compound (3) was also prepared by the reaction of 2b with phenol, its synthesis permitting an optimization of polymerization conditions. Poly(ester‐imides) were fully characterized by FTIR, UV‐vis and NMR spectroscopy. Both biphenylene‐ and binaphthylene‐based poly(ester‐imide)s exhibited excellent solubility in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, m‐cresol, pyridine and dichloromethane. However, binaphthylene‐based poly(ester‐imide)s were more soluble than those of biphenylene‐based polymers in highly polar organic solvents, including N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, N,N‐dimethylacetamide, N,N‐dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. From differential scanning calorimetry thermograms, the polymers showed glass‐transition temperatures between 261 and 315 °C. Thermal behaviour of the polymers obtained was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, and the 10 % weight loss temperatures of the poly(ester‐imide)s was in the range 449–491 °C in nitrogen. Furthermore, crystallinity of the polymers was estimated by means of wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The resultant poly(ester‐imide)s exhibited nearly an amorphous nature, except poly(ester‐imide)s derived from hydroquinone and 4,4′‐dihydroxybiphenyl. In general, polymers containing binaphthyl units showed higher thermal stability but lower crystallinity than polymers containing biphenyl units. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
15.
Some substituted coumarins have been synthesized by von-Pechmann condensation using SnCl2 · 2H2O (10 mol %) as catalyst in ethanolic medium. The reactions are simple, easy in handling and environmentally benign. 相似文献
16.
Shu‐Li Sun Jing Ma Nan Lv 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2008,22(10):932-948
Based on the optimal fusion estimation algorithm weighted by scalars in the linear minimum variance sense, a distributed optimal fusion Kalman filter weighted by scalars is presented for discrete‐time stochastic singular systems with multiple sensors and correlated noises. A cross‐covariance matrix of filtering errors between any two sensors is derived. When the noise statistical information is unknown, a distributed identification approach is presented based on correlation functions and the weighted average method. Further, a distributed self‐tuning fusion filter is given, which includes two stage fusions where the first‐stage fusion is used to identify the noise covariance and the second‐stage fusion is used to obtain the fusion state filter. A simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
噪声测量作为筛选光电耦合器件的一种方法 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
本文针对目前用于光电耦合器件筛选方法的不足,提出了用测量耦合器件噪声功率谱的方法来筛选掉噪声值大的器件,给出一批光电耦合器件的测量统计结果及在不同工作点时的噪声功率谱,并给出相应的筛选标准,实验结果表明,这种方法是有效、可行的。 相似文献
18.
Poly(ethylene aspartate) [PEA] was synthesized by the melt condensation of D,L-aspartic acid and ethylene glycol. PEA containing pendent amino and carbonyl groups in its repeating chain was used as the polymeric ligand for complexation with transition metal ions, viz. Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ca(II), Mg(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II). Complexation was found to be most effective in DMSO. The resulting polyester-metal complexes were solid coloured materials which have been characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The thermal stability of the polyester-metal complexes was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). On the basis of the physico-chemical studies, an oxygen and nitrogen coordinated structure for the polyester-metal complexes is proposed. 相似文献
19.
复杂目标近场电磁散射的可视化计算方法 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
首次介绍了复杂目标近场散射计算的可视化方法。采用非均匀有理B样条曲面(NURBS)精确构造任意形状散射体,结合几何体近场透视变换和Z-Buffer技术实现了基于Windows平台的近场散射计算。提出广义雷达散射截面的概念并给出的若干算例。该方法充分利用了计算机3D图形设备的几何运算能力,运算速度快,严谨高,可扩展性好。 相似文献
20.
Osmotic pressure measurements were satisfactorily used to compute the effective charge of poly(acrylic) acid (PAA) at different pHs and with different monovalent and divalent counterions. This experimental method is sensitive to the osmotically active species (polymer and counterions). After correction for the polymer contribution to the total osmotic pressure (solvency and excluded volume), the remaining pressure can be attributed to the polyelectrolyte counterions and processed with Donnan and equation of state in order to compute the effective charge number per polymeric chain (Zeff). The behavior of Zeff against the chain concentration and pH was investigated after neutralization of PAA with LiOH, NaOH, and TMAOH. The results clearly indicate that the nature of the monovalent counterion has no effect on Zeff leading to the conclusion that the interaction between monovalent counterions and the acrylate functionality is purely electrostatic in agreement with conductimetric and potentiometric results reported in the literature. The behavior of Zeff against the degree of ionization of the polymer and its concentration is also in good agreement with the theoretical expectations of the theory of ionic condensation. Osmotic measurements were also used in order to understand the influence of divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+) on Zeff of the sodium salt of PAA at pH 9 and at different divalent/acrylate molar ratio. All the divalent cations depress Zeff each of one at different degrees, confirming a specific divalent/polymer interaction. The energy of hydration of cations can explain most of the observed results with divalents. 相似文献