Evaluation of Petroleum Impurities in Motor Spirit and Diesel Oils Using Artificial Neural Network

Studies have been conducted for the ternary mixture of motor spirit, diesel, and kerosene oil samples using artificial neural network (ANN). American standard for testing materials (ASTM) distillation data of samples were used for the evaluation of respective components. Results of such evaluation of the samples were found to comply well with experimental values.     

Solar application in desalination: the Greek Islands experiment

Solar distillation plants are suitable to provide desalinated water to small communities in remote or arid regions where solar radiation abounds and large land areas may be available free of charge. Proper operation and maintenance are of importance and the plant's lifetime. In this paper the experience gained during construction and operation of the solar distillation plants erected in the Greek Island is described, including an analysis of the mistakes to be avoided. A short discussion is also given for solar-driven desalination plants as an example to help promotion of solar distillation and/or solar-driven desalination plants in the southern European countries.     

新型旋转床性能研究

研究了新型折流式旋转床的压降和传质性能。以乙醇 -水为物系 ,对不同转速和气液流量下的压降与传质性能进行了精馏试验。结果表明 ,旋转床气相压降随 F因子和旋转速度的增大而增大 ;传质效率随旋转速度的增大而增大 ,但随通量的增加几乎不发生变化。分离效果最高能达到5 .8块理论塔板 ,相当于每米 48.3块理论塔板。     

气相色谱技术在石油和石化分析中的应用进展

介绍了气相色谱技术在石油和石化分析领域中的应用现状与可能的发展趋势,内容涉及气体分析、汽油组成分析、模拟蒸馏分析、单体硫化物分析、含氧化合物分析、生物柴油分析等。以标准分析方法为基础的各类专用系统的开发和应用在未来将是一个活跃的发展领域;而以直热柱、微柱阀切换和并行系统为基础的快速分析技术也将更多地引起人们的关注。快速、可靠、专用和标准化将是未来用于常规分析的新的气相色谱技术的特点;而以研究为目的的气相色谱技术的特点则是提供准确、灵活与大信息量的结果。     

常减压蒸馏装置灵活加工方案的探讨

运用校验后的常减压蒸馏装置模型，对加工3．0Mt／a高硫高酸原油和加工2．0Mt／a沙轻原油的全流程进行了模拟及水力学计算。通过分析比较，确定了该常减压蒸馏装置对两种原油进行灵活加工的工艺条件。结果表明该装置在保证加工3.0Mt／a高硫高酸原油的情况下，经过部分改造就可以加工2．0Mt／a沙轻原油，且各设备能正常运行。流程模拟为该常减压蒸馏装置的改造奠定了基础。     

无机热传导热管空气预热器在加热炉的应用

针对中国石化洛阳分公司减压炉余热回收系统空气预热器存在的问题,采用无机热传导热管预热器进行了更换改造,并为减少热管积灰,防止露点腐蚀采取了相应的技术措施。通过一年多的运行,和原回转蓄热式空气预热器相比,排烟温度降低了67℃,空气预热后温度提高了113℃,减压炉热效率提高了7.8个百分点,达91.1%。每年可节约燃料费约107万元,且使用温度范围宽,寿命长,不易爆管和积灰,安全可靠。     

重整抽余油全组分加氢-分馏工艺制己烷和溶剂油

中石油集团大连石化分公司15 kt／a己烷装置,由采用传统工艺的4 kt／a已烷装置扩能技术改造而成。该装置可以连续重整装置的抽余油和氢气为原料,采用全组分加氢-分馏工艺,制备己烷和120号溶剂油。在原料抽余油苯含量高达1.5%,烯烃含量高达2.71%时,己烷产品中苯含量仍小于10 μg／g,硫含量为0.5 μg／g,达到国家标准,可以作为高品质食用油萃取剂;120号溶剂油产品中几乎不含烯烃、芳烃、硫,可以作为高品质的无苯溶剂。     

Using MPC to control middle-vessel continuous distillation columns

The use of model predictive control (MPC) in middle-vessel continuous distillation column (MVCC) is discussed. It is shown that using a 5 × 5 MPC implementation (where all levels are included in MPC as integral process variables) allows using a smaller middle-vessel, particularly when disturbances can be measured: a good performance is ensured without having the middle vessel drained or overfilled. Also, it is shown that MPC practically circumvents the issue of tuning the middle-vessel level controller. Furthermore, the MVCC design makes conventional decentralised control perform comparably to MPC.     

中国白酒的蒸馏技术(上篇)

1998年8月，在成都市府南河交汇处水井街酒坊发掘到埋藏数百年的酿酒遗址和成套的酿酒器具文物。从灶台直径的大小表明该作坊已具有相当的生产规模。甑径达到的数量级说明蒸馏器的设计技术和运行操作技术均已达到较高的水平，它形成的传统工艺绝大多数被沿用至今。研究表明，这些技术虽是源于实践经验的总结，却包含了丰富的科学哲理，为发展今天的酿酒技术提供了有力的实践佐证。     

采用精馏法提高氧化锌产品档次

介绍我国精馏法生产氧化锌的工艺及特点 ,通过与直接法和传统间接法氧化锌生产工艺的比较 ,阐明高纯氧化锌的市场前景 ,并论证了精馏法生产高纯氧化锌是相关企业的发展方向