基于X3D构建高效的虚拟场景

随着国民经济和计算机软硬件技术的飞速发展以及人民生活水平的不断提高,虚拟现实技术开始广泛用于社会的各个领域。X3D也已经被定义为可交互操作、可扩展、跨平台的网络3D内容的国际通用标准。真实感、实时性和交互性是虚拟环境的重要特性,结合现有的虚拟现实技术对基于X3D的虚拟场景之开发原理及其开发技术进行了研究,通过实例阐述了虚拟现实应用开发的基本手段和过程,并进一步分析了优化应用的方法,对加快浏览虚拟场景、提高虚拟场景信息的展示效果进行了探索。     

Toward Xeno-Free Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells

The small intestinal epithelium has an important role in nutrition, but also in drug absorption and metabolism. There are a few two-dimensional (2D) patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based intestinal models enabling easy evaluation of transcellular transport. It is known that animal-derived components induce variation in the experimental outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to refine the differentiation protocol by using animal-free components. More specifically, we compared maturation of 2D-cultured iPCSs toward small intestinal epithelial cells when cultured either with or without serum, and either on Geltrex or on animal-free, recombinant laminin-based substrata. Differentiation status was characterized by qPCR, immunofluorescence imaging, and functionality assays. Our data suggest that differentiation toward definitive endoderm is more efficient without serum. Both collagen- and recombinant laminin-based coating supported differentiation of definitive endoderm, posterior definitive endoderm, and small intestinal epithelial cells from iPS-cells equally well. Small intestinal epithelial cells differentiated on recombinant laminin exhibited slightly more enterocyte specific cellular functionality than cells differentiated on Geltrex. Our data suggest that functional small intestinal epithelial cells can be generated from iPSCs in serum-free method on xeno-free substrata. This method is easily converted to an entirely xeno-free method.     

Novel Insights into Factor D Inhibition

Complement-mediated diseases or complementopathies, such as Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), cold agglutinin disease (CAD), and transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), demand advanced complement diagnostics and therapeutics be adopted in a vast field of medical specialties, such as hematology, transplantation, rheumatology, and nephrology. The miracle of complement inhibitors as “orphan drugs” has dramatically improved morbidity and mortality in patients with otherwise life-threatening complementopathies. Efficacy has been significantly improved by upstream inhibition in patients with PNH. Different molecules may exert diverse characteristics in vitro and in vivo. Further studies remain to show safety and efficacy of upstream inhibition in other complementopathies. In addition, cost and availability issues are major drawbacks of current treatments. Therefore, further developments are warranted to address the unmet clinical needs in the field of complementopathies. This state-of-the-art narrative review aims to delineate novel insights into factor D inhibition as a promising target for complementopathies.     

电子束3D打印模型处理对钛合金零件成形精度的影响

模型处理是影响3D打印钛合金零件成形精度的关键因素之一。以电子束3D打印几种典型形状TC4钛合金零件为研究对象,通过对成形零件进行精度检测,分析其在模型处理过程中引起误差的来源,提出了几项改进措施:对于圆柱体轴类零件,将模型精度设置提高到0. 02 mm,可有效提高零件的成形精度;对于点阵多孔零件,提高STL数据的精度并优化切层算法,保持切层前后模型原貌是解决该问题的途径;对于针状细圆柱零件,将相同零件按照同一方向摆放,可以减少摆放角度对偏差的随机性影响;对于异形件,应在满足成形精度的前提下合理布局并减少支撑;对于薄壁零件,增加支撑密度能够有效提高零件悬空部分的成形精度。     

辊切刀三维造型设计方法

辊切刀的曲线刃分布在空间表面上,造成加工困难。经过研究,运用不同的思维方法精确建立了辊切刀的曲线刃数学模型,为刃型加工提供了理论依据。在三种不同的思想方法的指导下,在不同的三维造型设计软件支持下,将刀具轨迹平面展开图曲线向等直径圆柱面上转换生成相应的三维特征,从而得到精确的三维实体模型,为生成G代码进行辊切刀刀刃的数控加工奠定了基础。     

Mg-Al4C3-Ce中间合金对AZ91D镁合金显微组织与性能的影响

采用粉末原位合成工艺成功制备了新型Mg-50％Al4C3-xCe (x=2％、4％、6％、8％)中间合金,并利用x射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)对其进行物相鉴别和形貌分析.在AZ91D镁合金中加入1.2％(Mg-50％Al4C3-xCe)中间合金可明显细化枝晶组织,枝晶形貌由六重对称的树枝状演变为花瓣状,而且晶粒尺寸明显减小.当中间合金中Ce含量为6％时,合金的平均晶粒尺寸由基体合金的360 μm降至65 μm.显微组织的细化有利于合金的强韧性能及耐腐蚀性能的明显提高.     

机械化学促成可调谐光-电多功能响应二维杂化钙钛矿材料

二维有机-无机杂化钙钛矿因在光伏、光电子等领域的巨大应用潜力而备受关注.此外,该类材料具有突出的结构可调性和材料稳定性,为功能性质的设计调控及器件应用提供了丰富的材料设计平台.然而,将多种物理通道的性质整合实现材料的多功能性仍具有挑战性,而对其进行快速有效的调节更是难上加难.迄今为止,尚未成功实现可调谐的光电多通道响应...     

Phase formation mechanism and kinetics in solid-state synthesis of undoped and calcium-doped lanthanum manganite

LaMnO_3+δ and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ were synthesized from La₂O₃(La(OH)₃), CaCO₃ and MnO₂ powder mixture with solid-state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis were employed in the present study on the process of synthesizing of the two compound powders. The kinetic study on solid-state reaction between La₂O₃ and MnO₂ in the powder mixture was isothermally carried out for LaMnO_3+δ formation. The result showed that the reaction process was controlled by three-dimensional solid-ionic diffusion. Both Jander and Ginstling-Brounstein model can be used to describe the reaction kinetics satisfactorily. The relevant apparent activation energy values obtained were as great as 205 ± 11 and 189 ± 8 kJ/mol. The reaction process of La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ preparation from La₂O₃, SrCO₃ and MnO₂ powder mixture was also studied using X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. The result indicated that the following steps composed the overall reaction: the decomposition of the reactant; the formation of La_1−xCa_xMnO_3+δ; La₂O₃ and Mn₃O₄ reacted with La_1−xCa_xMnO₃ to form final La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ phase. The latest step was the most time-consuming one among others in the overall reaction.     

Direct Digital Manufacturing Industry Ascendant

The paper introduces the origin of the word of Direct Digital Manufacturing and other forms of address, and the working principles of Direct Digital Manufacturing technology and major types of the technology, hard- ware and software development, use of materials, applications, market growth and its development prospects. Focused presentations of Direct Digital Manufacturing （additive manufacturing） compared to traditional mechani- cal manufacturing industry in the use of prices, processing speed, reliability and cost advantages and characteris- tics. Particularly the significant challenges and competitiveness of Direct Digital Manufacturing technology in the processing of any complexity created directly the number of objects, internal structure and channel function, as well as the shape of the chassis components and structure of the matching and optimization.