仿生鱼鳍中形状记忆合金驱动器的水下变形精度分析

简要介绍了仿生鱼鳍的基本机构和工作原理．为了提高形状记忆合金仿生鱼鳍的变形精度,理论计算了作为鱼鳍驱动器的形状记忆合金薄板对端部的水下变形误差．给出了形状记忆合金薄板表面的流体无量纲阻力系数随时间的变化关系,同时给出了某一时刻薄板表面及其周边的压力分布和薄板尾迹中的卡门涡街形态．最后,通过实验验证了理论推导的正确性．     

基于改进人工鱼群算法与RBF神经网络的股票价格预测

股票价格受多种因素影响,这对股票价格预测造成了巨大挑战。近年来,机器学习方法被广泛用于股票价格预测的研究中,然而,现有方法存在相对误差较大、时间复杂度高等缺点。对此,提出基于引力搜索的改进人工鱼群算法AFSA＿GS。该算法将引力搜索中计算质量和加速度的策略分别用于调节人工鱼的视野和步长,从而提高了人工鱼群算法在优化过程中的自适应能力;AFSA＿GS算法还优化了RBF神经网络的相关参数,并使用优化后的网络预测股票价格。在多家上市公司股票数据上进行了实验,实验结果表明,相对于传统的优化算法,采用AFSA＿GS算法优化的RBF神经网络,可以获得更好的股票预测性能。     

飞鱼籽生物酶法脱囊衣技术研究

以飞鱼籽为原料,鱼籽脱囊衣率为指标,从胰蛋白酶、胶原蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶4种酶中,筛选出胰蛋白酶为最佳使用酶,并采用L9(34)正交实验设计对胰蛋白酶脱除飞鱼籽囊衣工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,酶解液浓度0.8mg/mL、pH9、在20℃下酶解12min,飞鱼籽脱囊衣率可达83%以上。     

基于多元Taylor级数和AFS的混合定位算法

针对传统Taylor级数定位算法存在精度严重依赖初始值,导致定位精确度不高的缺陷,结合人工鱼群算法和多元Taylor级数展开算法的优点,提出了一种基于人工鱼群算法初值选取与多元Taylor级数展开算法精确求解的混合定位方法。算法充分发挥了人工鱼群算法初值估计性能良好和多元Taylor级数展开算法求解精度高的优点。仿真结果表明:上述算法减少了鱼群数目和迭代次数的选取对定位精度的影响,混合定位算法的精度更高。     

Labelling accuracy in Tasmanian seafood: An investigation using DNA barcoding

Mislabelling of seafood products has been documented in numerous countries for over three-quarters of a century. With a trend towards increased consumption of seafood, the informed consumer demands accurately labelled products that provide full disclosure of composition. DNA barcoding can be used to accurately identify a seafood product to species based on its genetic signature, and so provides a means to test the authenticity and accuracy of seafood labelling. This can be especially useful for products such as fillets which have few or no unambiguous identifying characters, and can easily be mislabelled. We investigated labelling accuracy in seafood retailers in Tasmania, Australia. Thirty-eight seafood products were obtained from seafood retailers, sequenced for the barcoding gene region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1(CO1), and subsequently identified to species level by querying GenBank and Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) DNA sequence records. Results were compared with standard fish names (SFN) prescribed under the Australian Fish Names Standard (AFNS) and FishBase. Of the 38 samples, none were deemed to have been mislabelled under Australian regulation, although in some cases naming discrepancies and ambiguity may cause confusion for some consumers. Our work, while reflecting high standards in Tasmanian seafood, highlights the need for mandatory standard labelling across all seafood products so as to eliminate any possible misrepresentation.     

Chinese red pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf extract as natural antioxidants in salted silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in dorsal and ventral muscles during processing

Chinese red pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf (ZML) extract contains high amounts of phenolic compounds possessing high total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl, 1, 1-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. ZML extract was investigated as a natural antioxidant for the lipid stability of salted silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) throughout salting and drying. Both dorsal and ventral muscles were examined for differences in moisture content, salt content, total lipid content, and degree of lipid oxidation. The hexanal content, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in the ventral muscle were significantly higher than those of the dorsal muscle (p < 0.05). In the treatments with ZML extract, the hexanal content, the TBARS value, and the LOX activity were significantly lower (p < 0.05) during processing both in the dorsal and ventral muscles. The sensory qualities of processed salted fish could be improved with the amount of 0.030% extract in the dorsal muscle and 0.045% extract in the ventral muscle. These results showed that ZML extract can be a source of natural antioxidants and used as a food additive.     

The Effects of Isolation and Acid Mine Drainage on Fish and Macroinvertebrate Communities of Monday Creek, Ohio, USA

Isolated headwater streams in mined watersheds may have good water quality and fish habitat, yet be disconnected from immigration sources by stream segments impaired by acid mine drainage (AMD). Studies of fish and macroinvertebrate communities, habitat, and a number of hydrochemical parameters in Monday Creek, Ohio, show that AMD eliminates fish communities and severely limits macroinvertebrate communities in directly affected tributaries. Isolated headwaters in the heavily mined Monday Creek watershed have relatively good water quality and habitat, but poor fish communities. Comparison of isolated Monday Creek headwaters with non-isolated reaches in unmined watersheds indicates that differences in fish communities are attributable to isolation. Fish communities in isolated headwaters have lower Indices of Biotic Integrity (IBI) than comparable non-isolated communities, reduced species numbers, and lower numbers of individuals, despite suitable habitat as measured by the Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI). Comparison of macroinvertebrate communities shows higher Invertebrate Community Indices (ICI), and no apparent species loss, which can be attributed to the obligate flight stage in the life cycle of many macroinvertebrates, which enables them to overcome aquatic barriers. The implication of this research is that there is an opportunity for recovery of depleted fish communities in large AMD-isolated areas with good water quality, suitable habitat, and intact macroinvertebrate communities, by downstream treatment or source control of AMD to create aquatic corridors for fish immigration.     

Post mortemRelease of Fish White Muscle α-Actinin as a Marker of Disorganisation

α-Actinin release and its degradation from myofibrils Z-line were studied in post mortem white dorsal muscle from bass and sea trout stored at 4°C and 10°C. Using α-actinin specific antibodies, we show that this protein is rapidly released within the first 24 h for the two species, and reaches a plateau within 4 days. Proteolysis take place very rapidly in bass muscle yielding 80 and 40 kDa fragments from α-actinin as major bands of proteolysis. Sea trout muscle is more resistant, and muscle stored at 4°C is not significantly α-actinin degraded even 10 days after death. In the case of sea trout muscle stored at 10°C, an increasing quantity of 80 and 40 kDa fragment can be observed after the third day. These results show that release and proteolysis of α-actinin are time- and temperature-dependent processes that take place at the early stages of fish storage. Furthermore, we observed that proteolysis of α-actinin seems to be dependent on fish species. In both species studied, the early release of α-actinin comes before the degradation of released molecules, and appears as a biphasic process throughout the disorganisation of post mortem muscle in fish cold-stored above 0°C.     

High-Resolution NMR and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Studies on Fresh and Frozen Cod ( Gadus morhua) and Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)

Changes in the fish muscle from cod ( Gadus morhua ) and haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus ) were investigated by high-resolution NMR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Water- and salt-soluble extracts from fish stored at −20°C and −30°C were analysed by high-resolution proton NMR and enabled the identification of metabolites including trimethylamine oxide, trimethylamine (TMA) and dimethylamine. It was not possible to detect formaldehyde by NMR either in the stored fish samples or in spiked water or salt extracts even at high levels of formaldehyde addition, probably due to polymerisation. Systematic and controlled storage trials indicated the presence of dimethylamine at around 9 months for samples stored at −20°C, whereas no changes were detected at the control storage temperature of −30°C. A comparison of cod and haddock fillets stored for 1 year at −20 and −30°C confirmed the production of dimethylamine only in cod stored at −20°C. It was interesting to note that ‘fresh’ cod and haddock samples purchased from a local supermarket showed high levels of TMA indicating a breakdown of trimethylamine oxide to TMA by bacteria. TMA was not detected in the fish fillets especially obtained for the storage trials. MRI of fresh cod and fish stored at −8 and −30°C indicated that the fish half stored at −8°C exhibited dense lines or arches which are indicative of gaps in the tissue due to possible breakdown of the connective tissue. The images of fish stored at −30°C did not indicate any differences compared with the fresh fish. MRI also showed the presence of frozen and unfrozen areas in the fish non-destructively.     

Turbidity control and fisheries enhancement in a bottomland hardwood backwater system in Louisiana (U.S.A.)

In response to a noticeable decline in recreational fishing in the formerly productive Larto—Saline backwater complex of east central Louisiana, a study was begun to identify causative factors for the decline and to determine effective methods to remedy the problem. To this end, water quality and fisheries surveys were conducted in the system for the study period 1 July, 1981 to 30 June, 1989. Data collected during the early years of the study indicated chronically high turbidity (> 100 FTU) to be the major factor limiting game fish production. The high turbidity can be related to man-made alterations of natural flood patterns that had changed the major source of backwater flooding from Black River to the highly turbid Red River. In September, 1986, a construction project was undertaken to restore flood patterns to approximate natural conditions. Sampling subsequent to this construction has shown a significant decrease in turbidity and an increase in game fish production.