云南民族文化旅游资源规划开发中的几个原则

民族文化旅游资源开发是云南省建设民族文化大省和旅游大省战略中的一个重要部分。文章在对云南省几个旅游地的旅游资源规划开发方案进行总结、分析的基础上,提出了在民族文化旅游资源规划与保护性开发中应坚持的几个主要原则。     

The Secretome of Human Neonatal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulates Doxorubicin-Induced Cytotoxicity: Impact in Non-Tumor Cells

Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most widely used treatments for breast cancer, although limited by the well-documented cardiotoxicity and other off-target effects. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome has shown immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, further potentiated under 3D conditions. This work aimed to uncover the effect of the MSC-derived secretome from 3D (CM3D) or 2D (CM2D) cultures, in human malignant breast cells (MDA-MB-231), non-tumor breast epithelial cells (MCF10A) and differentiated AC16 cardiomyocytes, co-treated with Dox. A comprehensive proteomic analysis of CM3D/CM2D was also performed to unravel the underlying mechanism. CM3D/CM2D co-incubation with Dox revealed no significant differences in MDA-MB-231 viability when compared to Dox alone, whereas MCF10A and AC16 viability was consistently improved in Dox+CM3D-treated cells. Moreover, neither CM2D nor CM3D affected Dox anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects in MDA-MB-231. Notably, Ge-LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis revealed that CM3D displayed protective features that might be linked to the regulation of cell proliferation (CAPN1, CST1, LAMC2, RANBP3), migration (CCN3, MMP8, PDCD5), invasion (TIMP1/2), oxidative stress (COX6B1, AIFM1, CD9, GSR) and inflammation (CCN3, ANXA5, CDH13, GDF15). Overall, CM3D decreased Dox-induced cytotoxicity in non-tumor cells, without compromising Dox chemotherapeutic profile in malignant cells, suggesting its potential use as a chemotherapy adjuvant to reduce off-target side effects.     

木糖葡萄球菌和肉葡萄球菌混合发酵剂对腊肉品质的影响

以不添加发酵剂的腊肉为空白对照,从理化特性、微生物分析、感官评价、香气活性化合物组成及电子鼻分析角度,研究木糖葡萄球菌和肉葡萄球菌混合发酵剂对腊肉品质的影响。结果表明,添加葡萄球菌混合发酵剂对产品的品质影响较大。与空白组比,葡萄球菌混合发酵剂可显著提高产品的酸价（2.12→3.28?mg/g）、蛋白质降解指数（16.32%→19.24%）、红度值a*（9.25→11.08）、香气和接受度得分及氨基酸代谢源香气活性化合物的种类和含量（3-甲基丁醛、3-甲基丁酸）,同时显著降低产品的过氧化值（0.15→0.07?g/100?g）、硫代巴比妥酸反应物含量（0.25→0.17?mg/kg）和脂肪氧化源香气活性化合物的含量（己醛和壬醛）,而对成品的基本理化指标（水分含量、水分活度、pH值）没有显著影响。电子鼻传感器能够将2?组产品区分开,说明加入发酵剂后,腊肉的风味有所改变。因此,通过添加木糖葡萄球菌和肉葡萄球菌混合发酵剂可以显著促进腊肉中蛋白质和脂肪的水解、改善产品的色泽,促进发酵风味快速形成,同时延缓脂肪氧化。     

容积负荷变化模式对嗜盐混合菌发酵乙酸合成PHB的影响

以嗜盐混合菌发酵生产PHB具有免灭菌程序、易提取、产量高等优势而被广泛关注。本研究集中考察了嗜盐混合菌(MMCs)发酵生产PHB过程中调整容积负荷的方式对PHB生产的影响。在研究中通过比较恒定接种生物量改变底物浓度以及恒定底物浓度调整接种生物量两种调整方式下PHB发酵生产的最大细胞含量、PHB最大容积产率以及表观动力学,确定了MMCs的最佳OLR,以及两种变化方式的本质差异。研究结果表明,两种方式下随着OLR升高,细胞内最大PHB的积累量和PHB容积产率也随着增加。本研究发展的嗜盐MMCs最佳OLR 0.91 kg·(kg·d)^-1。在相同的OLR下,高的接种生物量始终具有高的碳源转化率和底物消耗速率。为此,采用高接种生物量发酵生产PHB可以提高PHB生产效率并降低PHB的成本。     

混合菌群合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯研究进展

聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）是微生物体内合成的可生物降解塑料,可以作为化学塑料的替代品。利用纯培养微生物发酵的合成方法由于使用葡萄糖等优质底物及过程需灭菌等原因,产品成本较高,严重制约了PHA的广泛使用;混合菌群利用废弃物合成PHA有效降低了纯培养方法的生产成本,因此受到人们越来越多的关注。本文对混合菌群合成PHA的历史沿革、合成原理、生产工艺、提取方法等方面进行了系统综述。回顾了混合菌群合成PHA的发展历程,简述了两种主要的合成机理,介绍了不同底物合成PHA的代谢途径,重点阐述了混菌合成PHA的三段式工艺和产物提取方法,同时也对新近的研究动态进行了分析总结。指出提高混菌浓度与利用实际废弃物的能力将成为未来研究的关键。     

直投式酸奶发酵剂高密度培养工艺的研究

以实验室筛选获得的适于发酵生产用的直投式酸奶发酵剂菌株组合保加利亚乳杆菌Lb-23和嗜热链球菌S.t-14为材料,对其高密度培养工艺进行了研究.结果发现,按球菌:杆菌=1:1的混合培养比例,pH 6.6～6.8,转速85～100r/min,42℃培养18h后,活菌数达到1.27×10~9cfu/mL;菌悬液经1.8%海藻糖、0.25%甘油、5.5%谷氨酸钠和0.5%吐温80保护剂处理,冷冻干燥后获得的发酵剂活菌数达到3.35×10~(11)cfu/g.     

Surveillance cultures of tunneled cuffed catheter exit sites in chronic hemodialysis patients are of no benefit

Catheter-related infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study evaluated the utility of surveillance swab cultures (Ssc) of tunneled cuffed catheter (TCC) exit sites as a prediction and prevention strategy for infection. A 6-month prospective-controlled trial with 94 chronic HD patients with a TCC who received monthly Ssc and were stratified by dialysis day into topical therapy based on Ssc results (Group A) or no therapy (Group B). Outcomes were exit site infection (ESI) and catheter-associated bacteremia (CAB). The overall monthly prevalence of positive Ssc was 14.9%. There was no difference in the number of positive Ssc (17.7% vs. 11.6%, p > 0.05) or ESI (19.6% vs.16.3%, p > 0.05) between Groups A and B, respectively. Catheter-associated bacteremia was higher in Group A (17.7% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.05). There were significantly more ESI in the patients treated for a positive Ssc. In Group A, the incidence of ESI was significantly higher in those treated for a positive vs. negative Ssc (55% vs. 12%, p = 0.009) and CAB rates trended higher with positive Ssc (22.2% vs. 16.7%, p > 0.05). The strategy of treating positive surveillance cultures is not beneficial. Positive Ssc do not predict the occurrence of catheter-related infection, and treatment of these cultures may lead to increased infection rates.     

不同发酵剂对发酵驴乳酸奶在冷藏期间品质的影响

目的 研究不同发酵剂发酵的驴乳酸奶在冷藏期间的品质变化。方法 对使用3种发酵剂发酵的驴乳酸奶在冷藏期间微生物指标、理化指标和风味滋味进行检测及感官评价。结果 在冷藏26 d中,LR-A、LR-B乳酸菌活菌数显著降低,LR-C乳酸菌活菌数逐渐增多,细菌菌落总数均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势;随着冷藏时间的延长,LR-A、LR-B和LR-C的pH值持续降低,总酸度持续上升,持水力降低,感官评价分析3种驴乳酸奶在第14 d时口味最佳,之后都有所下降。结论 LR-A、LR-B在冷藏至26 d时各项指标符合国标要求,仍可以正常饮用,LR-C在冷藏14 d后酸度上升太高,超出接受范围无法饮用。     

Dark fermentative hydrogen production by defined mixed microbial cultures immobilized on ligno-cellulosic waste materials

Mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) based on 11 isolates belonging to Bacillus spp. (Firmicutes), Bordetella avium, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis (Proteobacteria) were employed to produce hydrogen (H₂) under dark fermentative conditions. Under daily fed culture conditions (hydraulic retention time of 2 days), MMC6 and MMC4, immobilized on ligno-cellulosic wastes – banana leaves and coconut coir evolved 300–330 mL H₂/day. Here, H₂ constituted 58–62% of the total biogas evolved. It amounted to a H₂ yield of 1.54–1.65 mol/mol glucose utilized over a period of 60 days of fermentation. The involvement of various Bacillus spp. – Bacillus sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus thuringiensis as components of the defined MMCs for H₂ production has been reported here for the first time.     

High passage numbers induce resistance to apoptosis in C2C12 muscle cells

Cell lines with high passage numbers exhibit alterations in cell morphology and functions. In the present work, C2C12 skeletal muscle cells with either low (<20) or high (>60) passage numbers (identified as lC2C12 or h-C2C12, respectively) were used to investigate the apoptotic response to H2 O2 as a function of culture age h-C2C12. We found that older cultures (h-C2C12 group) were depleted of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). When we analyzed the behavior of Bad, Bax, caspase-3 and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, we observed that cells in the h-C2C12 group were resistant to H2 O2 induction of apoptosis. We propose serially cultured C2C12 cells as a refractory model to H2 O2 -induced apoptosis. In addition, the data obtained in this work suggest that mtDNA is required for apoptotic cell death in skeletal muscle C2C12 cells.