基于小波变换的超声电机启动和关断特性的测试与分析

叙述了本研究中心研发的超声电机瞬态测试系统及其测试方法。由于噪声的影响，启动、关断响应曲线常常不太光滑，以往采用平滑技术和数字滤波等处理办法，获得启动和关断响应特性精度较差。本文利用小波变换对原始启动、关断响应数据进行分析，去除噪声，从而较准确地获得了超声电机启动和关断的响应时间。实验结果表明，超声电机确实具有毫秒级的响应时间。     

The Conditional Probability Density Function for a Reflected Brownian Motion

Models in economics and other fields often require a restricted Brownian motion because frequently implicit or explicit barriers restrict the domain. This paper contributes to the literature on reflected Brownian motion by deriving its conditional density function as a closed-form expression that consists of infinite sums of Gaussian densities. This solution is compared with an alternative, trigonometric expression derived earlier. Numerical analyses reveal that convergence properties of the expression derived in this paper are superior to those of the alternative representation for most practically relevant set-ups. Despite the complex appearance of the density formula, its use only requires fractions of a second on simple desktop computers such that, next to the theoretical appeal, also practicability is guaranteed.     

维氏硬度曲面修正系数的计算机拟合

根据GB／T 4340．1-1999所附的各类曲面维氏硬度修正系数表，基于多项式拟合技术，给出了曲面维氏硬度修正系数关于压痕对角线长度与曲面直径比值的解析函数表达式，并对维氏硬度值的修约规律进行了总结。     

汽车钢板抗凹性试验研究

汽车零件,尤其是外覆盖件的制造过程中选择钢材等级和规格的重要依据之一是抗凹性.以实验评估为基础介绍抗凹性评估相关参量的物理意义及测量原理,并对数种钢板在不同加工硬化和应变硬化状态下的静态抗凹性行为进行分析.研究表明,本抗凹性评估方法合理,可应用于薄板材料的抗凹性研究.     

Exact static element stiffness matrices of non‐symmetric thin‐walled curved beams

An evaluation procedure of exact static stiffness matrices for curved beams with non‐symmetric thin‐walled cross section are rigorously presented for the static analysis. Higher‐order differential equations for a uniform curved beam element are first transformed into a set of the first‐order simultaneous ordinary differential equations by introducing 14 displacement parameters where displacement modes corresponding to zero eigenvalues are suitably taken into account. This numerical technique is then accomplished via a generalized linear eigenvalue problem with non‐symmetric matrices. Next, the displacement functions of displacement parameters are exactly calculated by determining general solutions of simultaneous non‐homogeneous differential equations. Finally an exact stiffness matrix is evaluated using force–deformation relationships. In order to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of this method, displacements and normal stresses of cantilever thin‐walled curved beams subjected to tip loads are evaluated and compared with those by thin‐walled curved beam elements as well as shell elements. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical simulation of turbulent flow in helically coiled open-channels with compound cross-sections

Turbulence structure in a helically coiled open channel flow is numerically simulated using three different turbulence models-the Launder and Ying model, the Naot and Rodi model, and the nonlinear k-ε model (SY model). Simulation results were compared with observation of (i) turbulent flows in alternating point-bar type channel bends with rectangular sections, and (ii) straight open channel flows with compound cross-sections. Based on calculations of the impact of various channel curvatures on turbulence characteristics, accuracy of the three turbulence models was analyzed with observed data as a qualitative reference. It has been found out that the Launder and Ying model and the nonlinear k-εmodel are able to predict the same general trend as measured data, and the simulation of the effect of the centrifugal force on the formation of secondary currents produces a correct pattern.     

Theory experiment comparison of the electron backscattering factor from solids at low electron energy (250-5,000 eV)

The electron backscattering factor was measured from 24 different elements at low primary beam energy (250-5,000 eV). The results were compared with Monte Carlo simulations from a variety of freely available programs and an in-house developed program. The results suggest that a thin film of oxide can modify the backscattering factor at low primary energy. In addition, a number of problems have been identified with the freely available programs.     

Epifluorescence microscopy study of a quadruple node of triple junctions of grain boundaries in a Eu2+‐doped Kcl:Kbr solid solution by using the doping ion as a fluorochrome

A typical quadruple node (QN) of triple junctions (TJs) of grain boundaries (GBs) in a Eu²⁺‐doped KCl_0.52Br_0.48 solid solution is investigated from the geometrical point of view by epifluorescence microscopy using the doping ion as a fluorochrome. The excitation and fluorescence optical properties of the fluorochrome were previously characterised by spectrophotometry whereas the structural nature of the studied material as well as its Bravais lattice type, unit cell size and long‐range translational order degree was determined by X‐ray diffraction. A three‐dimensional reconstruction was built from the microscopy images of different optical cross‐sections of the studied arrangement of crystal defects. In the close vicinity of the QN, the studied arrangement of crystal defects adopts the geometry of a collapsed tristetrahedron which, centred at the QN, has its legs along the TJs and, hence, has its faces as collapsed in pairs into the GBs. The angles defined by different TJ couples as well as the dihedral angles defined by the different GB couples meeting in every TJ were measured at the QN site. All, the image recording and stacking as well as the measuring procedures are carefully described. The measured TJ angles (97°, 117°, 95°, 117°, 99° and 130° ± 2°) depart from the characteristic angle (109.47°) of a tetrahedron whereas the measured GB angles (101°, 119°, 140°; 125°, 127°, 108°; 133°, 109°, 119°; 129°, 99° and 132° ± 2°) depart from the angular argument (120°) of a 3‐fold symmetry rotation indicating that, in the close neighbourhood of the QN, the studied arrangement of crystal defects is structurally unstable. Such an instability is associated with an observed mismatch in orientation (by angles of 20°, 15°, 33° and 30° ± 2°) between the TJs and some <111> zone axis matrix lattice crystallographic directions ([], [11], [11] and [11]), respectively). Local variations in anionic composition, existing within the solid solution matrix, are discussed to be responsible for this mismatching and, therefore, for the observed structural instability.     

Grain boundary characteristics and tensile properties of Ti14 alloy after semi-solid deformation

The microsuucture and room-temperature tensile properties of Til4,a new α+Ti2Cu alloy,were investigated after conventional forging at 950℃ and semi-solid forging at 1000 and 1050℃,respectively.Results show that coarse grains and grain boundaries are obtained in the semi-solid alloys.The coarse grain boundaries are attributed to Ti2Cu phase precipitations occurred on the grain boundaries during the solidification.It is found that more Ti2Cu phase precipitates on the grain boundaries at a higher semi-solid forging temperature,which forms precipitated zones and coarsens the grain boundaries.Tensile tests exhibit high strength and low ductility for the semi-solid forged alloys,especially after forging at 1000℃.Fracture analysis reveals the evidence of ductile failure mechanisms for the conventional forged alloy and cleavage fiacture mechanisms for the alloy after semi-solid forging at 1050℃.     

连续支付美式分期付款期权的计算

为了研究连续支付分期付款美式期权的定价问题,以看涨期权为例,采用对冲的方法建立了此类期权定价的偏微分方程模型.模型中的方程是一个非齐次的Black-Scholes方程,其非齐次项为期权的分期付款率.根据金融意义,连续支付分期付款美式期权的定价问题是一个自由边界问题,含有最佳终止边界和最佳实施边界2条自由边界,从而把偏微分方程模型转化为相应的变分不等方程模型,然后用有限差分方法给出了此类期权价格的数值解,并分析了不同参数值的情况下最佳终止边界和最佳实施边界的位置及性质.结果表明看涨期权的最佳终止边界单调非减,而最佳实施边界则单调非增.