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71.
Arnon Shani 《Journal of chemical ecology》1990,16(3):971-980
A cotton wool plug, used as the source for pheromone release, was placed in closed 1-quart Mason jars, either at the mouth or at the rear of the jar. Air sampling of the two components of the sex pheromone (total 2.2 mg at the source) of the almond moth (Ephestia cautella) female showed that the saturation period near the source in still air was 20–22 hr and that far from the source was 40–50 hr, reaching a level of less than 1 ng/ml air. The ratio between the components (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, designated D, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate designated M, in the air was close to the original ratio for both sampling sites, albeit somewhat richer in the more volatile (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (source 77.023.0 DM, air 73.0– 74.327.0–25.7; source 80.119.9, air 77.622.4; source 25.174.9, air 23.976. 1 DM). The total amount of pheromone per milliliter of air was two to three times larger near the source than far from it at the early stages of the evaporation and saturation process. When the amount of pheromone applied to the source was tripled (7 mg), the amount far from the source was almost tripled, or the saturation time was cut by factor of two to three. 相似文献
72.
采用新型引发剂过氧化二月桂酰对醋酸乙烯聚合进行研究,通过研究它在聚合过程中的分解速率常数、半衰期等性能,得出过氧化二月桂酰的分解速率常数大,半衰期与偶氮二异丁腈相似,并且产物不含有毒物质,因此它的应用范围可以更加广泛。讨论了引发剂质量、甲醇质量、反应时间对醋酸乙烯转化率和聚合度的影响。建立正交试验得到醋酸乙烯聚合的最佳工艺条件。 相似文献
73.
将原花青素(PC)添加到醋酸纤维素(CA)制膜溶液中,制得具有抗氧化性的可降解包装薄膜。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射和原子力显微镜对薄膜表面形貌、膜结构和结晶情况进行表征。以新鲜猪油为内装物、采用油脂氧化稳定性的检测方法Schaal烤箱法,测试薄膜在不同PC添加量时的抗氧化性。结果表明:当添加质量分数为2%PC时,薄膜的抗氧化性最佳,其对油脂的抑制率达到了37.65%,可在常温下延长油脂保质期两个多月。 相似文献
74.
A half‐fraction, two‐level, four‐factor factorial experimental design was used to study the effects of the acetic anhydride concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, and sulfuric acid concentration on the degree of substitution, intrinsic viscosity, and yield of oxidized cellulose acetate (OCA). Oxidized cellulose containing 20% (w/w) carboxylic acid was used as the starting material. The data were fitted by multiple regression analysis with SAS software. The correlation coefficients obtained from plots of the predicted and observed values for the degree of substitution, intrinsic viscosity, and yield were 0.985, 0.993, and 0.991, respectively. Residual normal plots of the regression models showed a linear relationship. Lenth and main‐factor‐effect plots revealed an increase in the degree of substitution of OCA with an increasing concentration of acetic anhydride. The latter had no effect on the intrinsic viscosity and yield of OCA. An increase in the reaction temperature led to an increase in the degree of substitution and a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity and yield of OCA. The influence of the reaction time on the degree of substitution and intrinsic viscosity followed a trend similar to that observed with the reaction temperature, but the yield of OCA was unaffected. Increasing the concentration of sulfuric acid reduced the degree of substitution, intrinsic viscosity, and yield of OCA. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 696–705, 2005 相似文献
75.
Ashraf El-Sayed Josef Gödde Peter Witzgall Heinrich Arn 《Journal of chemical ecology》1999,25(2):389-400
The behavioral responses of Lobesia botrana males to calling females, pheromone gland extracts, and synthetic sex pheromones were recorded in a wind tunnel. Gland extracts and synthetic pheromones were released from a pheromone evaporator. The numbers of males reaching the source and their flight tracks in response to calling females and pheromone gland extracts were compared to those of synthetic blends. Upwind flights to natural sex pheromone were straighter and faster than to a three-component blend of (E)-7,(Z)-9-dodecadienyl acetate (E7,Z9–12:Ac), (E)-7,(Z)-9-dodecadien-1-ol (E7,Z9–12:OH), and (Z)-9-docecenyl acetate (Z9–12:Ac) (100:20:5). The optimum ratio of E7,Z9–12:OH and Z9–12:Ac to E7,Z9–12:Ac was found to be 5% and 1%, respectively. An additional seven compounds identified in the sex pheromone gland were investigated for their biological activity. Two unsaturated acetates, i.e., (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9–12:Ac) and 11-dodecenyl acetate (11–12:Ac), increased the number of males reaching the source as well as straightness, linear velocity, and decreased the track angle of upwind flight. Optimum response was obtained by releasing 10 pg/min E7,Z9–12:Ac in a mixture with 0.5 pg/min E7,Z9–12:OH, 0.1 pg/min Z9–12:Ac, 0.1 pg/min E9– 12:Ac and 1 pg/min 11-12–Ac. The saturated acetates previously identified in the female glands were biologically inactive. 相似文献
76.
77.
78.
聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液胶粘剂的改性研究 总被引:26,自引:5,他引:26
介绍了醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯多元共聚乳液的合成工艺,讨论了单体组成、乳化剂组成、反应温度等对乳液性能的影响。 相似文献
79.
To elucidate the phosphorus removal and metabolism under various COD / P ratio,a sludge highly enriched in PAOs was used to investigate the impacts of COD / P in batch tests under different carbon supply conditions. Acetate,propionate and a mixture of acetate and propionate at a ratio of 3 ∶ 1( COD basis) was used as carbon sources with the COD / P of 20,15,10 and 5. 0 g COD /gP,respectively. The minimum COD / P ratios for complete P removal were found to be 8. 24 g COD /gP for acetate,11. 40 g COD /gP for propionate and9. 10 g COD /gP for the 3 ∶ 1 mixture of acetate and propionate. Converted to a mass basis,all three cases had a very similar ratio of 7. 7 g VFA /gP,which represented a useful guide for operation of EBPR plants to identify possible shortages in VFAs. The trend in PHV accumulation during the anaerobic period along with the decrease of COD / P ratios suggested that,PAOs may use the TCA pathway for anaerobic VFA uptake to maintain the required NADH production with reduced glycogen degradation. During the aerobic phase,the glycogen pool was reduced but remained enough compared to the requirement for anaerobic VFA uptake,and the synthesis and degradation of glycogen was not the inhibition factor of PAOs. 相似文献
80.