烟草游离脯氨酸含量与雄性不育性的关系

对烟草雄性不育系和相应的保持系花蕾及叶片中游离脯氨酸的含量进行了分析。结果表明,花蕾中不育系的脯氨酸含量在小花蕾阶段与其保持系非常接近,但从中花蕾开始,保持系花蕾中的脯氨酸含量急剧上升,而不育系花蕾中的脯氨酸含量则基本保持稳定,因而,不育系花蕾中的脯氨酸含量在大花蕾时期明显低于其保持系;叶片中生育前期不育系的游离脯氨酸含量和相应保持系之间基本上没有大的差异,仅在生育后期存在一定的差异,但这些差异变化无规律性。因此,花蕾中游离脯氨酸含量与烟草雄性不育性有密切的关系,不育系花蕾中脯氨酸含量低是雄性不育性导致的结果;叶片中游离脯氨酸含量与烟草雄性不育性没有直接关系。     

Nebulized oil-in-water nanoemulsion mists for pulmonary delivery: development,physico-chemical characterization and in vitro evaluation

Context: This study presents novel nanostructured oil-in-water (o/w) mists based on self-nanoemulsifying (SNE) mixtures capable of delivering poorly water-soluble drugs into the lungs.

Objective: Formulation development of an o/w nanoemulsion (NE) capable of being nebulized for pulmonary delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Materials and methods: SNE mixtures were prepared and evaluated using Tween 80 and Cremophor RH 40 as surfactants; Transcutol P, Capryol 90 and PEG 400 as cosurfactants; and Labrafac Lipophile Wl 1349 (a medium-chain triglyceride) as an oil. Liquid NEs were analyzed by light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in vitro drug release studies. The aqueous NE was nebulized and assessed by light scattering and TEM. The formulation was aseptically filtered and the sterility validated. In vitro cytotoxicity of the formulations was tested in NIH 3T3 cells. The capability of the formulation to deliver a poorly water-soluble drug was determined using ibuprofen.

Results: Ibuprofen was found to be stable in the NEs. The formulations were neutrally charged with a droplet size of about 20?nm. TEM images displayed 100?nm oil droplets. The aseptic filtration method produced sterile NE. The nebulized mist revealed properties ideal for pulmonary delivery. The biocompatible aerosol has a nanostructure consisting of several oil nanodroplets enclosed within each water drop. Solubility and in vitro drug release studies showed successful incorporation and release of ibuprofen.

Conclusion: The developed formulation could be used as an inhalation for delivering material possessing poor water solubility into the lungs.     

全球变暖对日本寒地北海道2030年代水稻生育的影响预测及其对策（网络首发、推荐阅读）

北海道从1980年代开始到2010年代为止,水稻大田栽培期间的5–9月份气温随着年代而不断上升。与最近的2010年代（2010—2019年平均）相比,使用两种2030年代的预测气象,根据以往研究得到的关系方程预测研究了水稻生育。其结果,2030年代比2010年代,插秧日期期限（插秧最早期限）比水稻栽培17个地区平均值要早8~9天。另外,抽穗日期最早期限要早1~5天,抽穗日期最晚期限要晚1~5天,安全抽穗期间要长2~10天,抽穗日期要早1~3天。由于从抽穗日期到最晚抽穗为止要长2~9天,延迟型冷害的发生要略少。关于各生育期的气象,抽穗前24天以后的30天期间的平均气温因为生育早而相同或略低。抽穗前10天以后的40天期间以及抽穗日期以后的40天期间的平均气温略高,日射量略少。因此,糙米产量为96%~98%,要略低,显示潜在产量特性的气候灌浆量指数相同。因为与障碍秕粒发生有关的孕穗期冷害危险期的平均气温略低或基本相同,带来发生冷害的风险。另一方面,引起秕粒发生的低温区的出现频率在地区间具有差异。虽然大米蛋白质含量相同,但直链淀粉含量略低、食味略良。关于米粒外观品质,受害粒比率和着色粒比率没有一定的变化趋势,未熟粒比率略高,大米白度相同,糙米白度略高。通过上述预测研究显示了未来日本寒冷地带水稻生育的技术应对方向。     

过氧乙酸灭菌效果及酸残留的实验研究

目的 研究过氧乙酸灭菌的效果及酸的残留量对pH值的影响。方法 用微生物学无菌检测法和pH值测定法。结果 满载,少量装载,重复灭菌时达到无菌效果,△pH均在0.3～0.4之间。结论 经过氧乙酸灭菌的塑料瓶能达到无菌要求,酸的残留量对pH值的影响不显著,生产上可用过氧乙酸灭菌法对不耐热的内包材进行灭菌。     

Inherited sterility in Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Effect of gamma radiation on insect fecundity, fertility and developmental period

The effects of gamma radiation on the fecundity, fertility, longevity, development and level of inherited sterility in the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella were determined. Newly emerged virgin Mediterranean flour moth adults were irradiated with 100, 200, 400 and 600 Gy in a ⁶⁰Co irradiator with a source strength of ca. 3811 Ci and a dose rate of ca. 1 Gy/min. Laboratory studies revealed that radiation did not effect the longevity of irradiated male and female adults. Inherited deleterious effects of gamma radiation were observed in the F₁ and F₂ generations. Fecundity and the daily egg laying pattern of irradiated and unirradiated females mated to irradiated males was not significantly different from untreated controls. Adverse effects of gamma radiation were observed in the percentage egg hatch and rate of development. Levels of sterility in the P₁, F₁ and F₂ generations were higher than that of untreated controls. The doses of radiation also had a significant effect on the time from oviposition to larval eclosion or adult emergence. Mortality increased with radiation dose. The incidence of larval and pupal mortality was higher in the F₂ than in the F₁ generation.     

Effect of high-temperature pre-irradiation on reproduction and mating competitiveness of male Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) and their F1 progeny

Pupae of the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) were irradiated with substerilizing doses of 150, 180 and 210 Gy of gamma radiation. Inherited deleterious effects due to irradiation of P males irradiated as pupae were recorded for F₁ progeny. The radiation damage increased when pupae were kept at high temperature (32.5 °C) for 24 h before irradiation, where a marked reduction in fecundity and egg hatch was obtained among P males and their F₁ progeny. This reduction was significantly increased by increasing the dosage. F₁ progeny were more sterile than the irradiated parent generation, though F₁ males were more sterile than F₁ females. Also, the combination of high temperature and irradiation applied to parental male pupae decreased larval survival and percentage of F₁ female progeny, whereas it did not affect the mating frequency among P males and F₁ progeny at the tested doses. Laboratory mating competitiveness indicated that parental males heat-treated with 32.5 °C and irradiated with 150, 180 and 210 Gy and their F₁ progeny were fully competitive with their untreated siblings.     

我国当代男士首饰设计的影响因素及发展趋势

当今,越来越多的男士逐渐意识到佩戴首饰可以更好地展示男性的气质和魅力,这使得男士首饰逐渐进入人们的视线,成为更多男士装饰自我的最佳首选。文章从男士首饰的定义、分类及特征入手,对影响国内男士首饰设计因素（如不同阶层、不同年龄段、不同地域和不同文化背景等）做了细致地分析,并对我国男士首饰设计未来的发展趋势作了详细阐述,以期对从事男士首饰设计的人们提供一些帮助,使我国的男士首饰设计向着更好的方向发展。     

雄蚕丝与普通蚕丝吸放湿性能对比研究

分析比较雄蚕丝与普通蚕丝吸放湿性能。测定在标准条件下雄蚕丝的吸湿、放湿回潮率,绘制出吸湿放湿曲线,并与普通蚕丝进行比较。根据吸湿放湿曲线,推导出标准状态下两种蚕丝的吸放湿速率回归方程。结果表明：雄蚕丝与普通蚕丝达到吸湿放湿平衡的时间及吸湿放湿曲线基本相似,吸湿过程中两种蚕丝达到平衡回潮率的时间几乎相同,但雄蚕丝吸湿能力低于普通蚕丝,而在放湿过程中雄蚕丝达到平衡的时间要低于普通蚕丝。     

杜仲雄花化学成分的液相色谱-电喷雾三重四极杆飞行时间质谱分析

采用液相色谱-电喷雾三重四极杆飞行时间质谱法对杜仲雄花中化学成分进行分析。用反相C18色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸溶液（A）-乙腈（B）为流动相进行梯度洗脱;采用电喷雾离子源负离子扫描方式对样品进行分析。根据高分辨质谱提供的准分子离子和碎片离子的精确分子质量信息,结合标准品对照与参考相关文献数据,共鉴定出32?种化学成分,包括2?种木脂素类、9?种环烯醚萜类、8?种苯丙素类、12?种黄酮类和1?种酚苷类成分。上述结果可为探究杜仲雄花的药效物质基础及深度开发利用提供基础资料。     

Testis-Specific Isoform of Na+-K+ ATPase and Regulation of Bull Fertility

An advanced understanding of sperm function is relevant for evidence-based male fertility prediction and addressing male infertility. A standard breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) merely identifies gross abnormalities in bulls, whereas selection based on single nucleotide polymorphisms and genomic estimated breeding values overlooks sub-microscopic differences in sperm. Molecular tools are important for validating genomic selection and advancing knowledge on the regulation of male fertility at an interdisciplinary level. Therefore, research in this field is now focused on developing a combination of in vitro sperm function tests and identifying biomarkers such as sperm proteins with critical roles in fertility. The Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase is a ubiquitous transmembrane protein and its α4 isoform (ATP1A4) is exclusively expressed in germ cells and sperm. Furthermore, ATP1A4 is essential for male fertility, as it interacts with signaling molecules in both raft and non-raft fractions of the sperm plasma membrane to regulate capacitation-associated signaling, hyperactivation, sperm-oocyte interactions, and activation. Interestingly, ATP1A4 activity and expression increase during capacitation, challenging the widely accepted dogma of sperm translational quiescence. This review discusses the literature on the role of ATP1A4 during capacitation and fertilization events and its prospective use in improving male fertility prediction.