青藏直流联网工程大负荷试验策略研究

分析比较了直流输电工程大负荷试验的双极运行模式、背靠背模式、融冰模式的优缺点,针对藏中电网"大直流、小电网和弱受端"的特点,指出在目前条件下采用融冰模式是青藏直流比较可行的大负荷试验运行方式。结合此种运行方式,分析了在大负荷试验期间正送极或反送极单极闭锁,一极功率因其他原因导致变化而对藏中电网的频率稳定带来的影响,提出了正送极快速功率回降以及联切非故障极的控制策略,同时针对直流系统的这种控制保护策略提出了安稳系统的切机切负荷策略,2种策略相互配合可以有效保证藏中电网的安全。最后通过仿真系统验证了所提控制策略的有效性。     

输电线路激光除冰技术试验分析及工程应用设计

为防止覆冰对输电线路的危害,从理论分析、模拟试验、工程应用设计等方面系统研究了输电线路激光除冰技术,分别得出了CO2、Nd:YAG激光除冰特性:1.5kW CO2激光融冰体速度约为728.5mm3/s,单位能耗为2.08J/mm3;Nd:YAG固体激光融冰效果稍高于CO2激光,突出优点在于其热应力除冰;激光除冰时瓷绝缘子安全阈值约20.5～54.4J/mm2,复合绝缘子远小于该值,导线安全阈值很高,几乎不会损伤。结果表明激光可用于输电线路除冰,具有热融冰效应和热应力效应,如结合机械除冰可大大提高除冰效率和效果。根据研究结果提出了其工程应用设计方案:工程化车载式激光除冰系统选用固体激光器,输出功率1～1.5kW,光斑直径15～20mm,发散角3mrad,作用距离为100～1000m,激光电源采用车载发电机,总功耗≤50kW。预计未来3～5a激光除冰速度将可提高3～4倍,激光除冰系统可向小型化、便携式方法发展。     

冰雪灾害条件下我国电网安全运行面临的问题

论述了防止复杂大电网发生冰灾事故的各个环节,介绍了研究现状和存在的问题,指出了在冰雪灾害条件下我国复杂大电网安全运行需要加强研究的8个关键问题：覆冰机理、覆冰外绝缘故障机理、有效的防冰、除冰方法、大电网覆冰在线监测与诊断方法、覆冰线路灾害局部化设计、电网覆冰在线评估、预警与决策以及建立复杂大电网覆冰灾害应急处理体系,并提出了可能的解决方法。     

输电线路中频融冰频率与热功率均匀度分析

输电线路的覆冰会引发线路过负载、绝缘性能降低、杆塔倒塌、导线舞动等事故,而主流的短路融冰方法都存在着不可克服的缺陷;为此在高频激励新型输电线路融冰方法基础上,针对其在冰层介质损耗角正切值较小时电源频率过高的问题,提出了以牺牲一定融冰热功率均匀度为代价的中频融冰方法。首先基于均匀传输线理论,以长为100 km、电压等级为220 kV输电线路为例,搭建覆冰线路均匀传输线等效电路模型;继而分析沿线电压、电流和功率因数分布规律以及融冰频率与热功率均匀度的相互影响;最后提出输电线路中频融冰最佳电源频率的确定方法。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性与实用性。     

贵州电网融冰方法的研究和应用

对2011年冰灾中贵州电网在110 kV及以下输电线路采取的融冰方法进行了总结,分析了各种方法的应用范围,比较其优缺点。基于贵州电网的实践,提出主要采用车载直流融冰装置和融冰变压器两种措施进行110 kV及以下输电线路融冰,并完成了相应样机的研制。现场试验证明了所提措施的可行性。     

Corrosion behaviour of aircraft coating systems in acetate- and formate-based de-icing chemicals

Corrosion behaviour of four coating systems, which are commonly used in aircraft components; namely cadmium-coated and subsequently chromate-treated steel AISI 4340, aluminium-coated steel AISI 4340, anodised aluminium alloy 7075-T6 and chromate-treated aluminium alloy 7075-T6, were investigated in six commercial acetate- and formate-based de-icing chemicals. The results show that the aluminium-coated steel specimens experience least corrosion among the four coating systems; no corrosion is detected in potassium acetate-based de-icing chemicals (Safeway KA HOT, Safegrip and Safegrip+), although some corrosion is observed in the other three chemicals (Safeway SD, Safeway SF and Meltium). In contrast, the coatings in the other three coating systems are damaged in all six de-icing chemicals. The thickness of the coating does not necessarily predict how well the coating will protect the substrate; the thickest coating, several tens of micrometres, is apparent on the cadmium- and chromate-coated steel specimens, while only a few micrometres thin aluminium coating on the steel substrate is the only coating system that can survive the corrosion tests in some of the de-icing chemicals. Comparison of the results from the two test methods used in this research, polarisation measurements and chemical exposure tests, shows that, for each coating system, the extent of corrosion, as evaluated on the basis of weight changes calculated from corrosion current density values and those experienced during chemical exposure tests, is different: the weight changes that materialise during exposure tests are, at least, from one to two orders of magnitude higher than those predicted by calculations. In this paper, these observations are discussed and explanations for them are presented.     

Smart Power Line and photonic de-icer concepts for transmission-line capacity and reliability improvement

This paper introduces the Smart Power Line (SPL) concept. This novel approach can be implemented on existing transmission lines comprising of single- or multiple-conductor bundles. It can also be applied to new, advanced line schemes. The SPL addresses three important needs: line de-icing, line impedance modulation and line monitoring.Line de-icing (LDI) can be activated prior to or during any severe climatic event, for concentrating the total power line current into one subconductor at a time and therefore de-icing by the Joule effect. Line impedance modulation (LIM) is another feature of the SPL by which line power flow and stability are also controlled by individually switching in and out subconductors of bundled-conductor lines, thereby modifying the net line impedance directly and dynamically. Line monitoring (LMO) provides real-time data related to electrical, mechanical or climatic events needed for line de-icing, power flow or stability control. By combining these three functions together, the SPL concept is expected to improve transmission-line reliability and transmission-line capacity. The power line reliability and life expectancy are increased by avoiding line and tower collapse due to ice deposits, hard rime or wet snow, reducing metal fatigue and avoiding failure due to galloping. The SPL concept can be applied to bundled-conductor transmission lines at any voltage level (HV and UHV).In addition to the SPL concept, new de-icing equipment, the so-called photonic de-icer, is also introduced in this paper. In order to ensure the mechanical robustness of the transmission line in the event of severe ice storms, past experience has shown that the switchgear must be maintained operational at all times. The photonic de-icer is operated at ground level and at ground potential to melt ice on substation apparatus or to keep the latter warm during icing events.     

基于12脉波的固定式直流融冰装置在城前岭变电站的应用

研制了1套基于12脉波的固定式直流融冰装置,于2008年11月8日在郴州城前岭变电站完成现场试验,试验电流1200A,45min后,LGJ-400导线温度由8℃上升至43℃,2×LGJ300导线温度由8℃上升至16℃。装置具有直流输出电压连续可调、谐波含量小等优点,为0～40km线路融冰提供了一种有效的技术手段。     

输电线路除（融）冰技术可行性比较

目前已应用和正在研制的除冰技术有40余种,按照原理可分为热力除冰、机械除冰、自然被动除冰以及其它除冰方法,这些方法都存在着不同程度的不足,评价其可行性需综合考虑多方面因素。     

特高压直流输电系统换流站的优化设计(英文)

Based on the consultation and study for Xiangjiaba-Shanghai ±800 kV UHVDC(ultra high voltage direct current) project,this paper presents an optimal design for key technique solutions.In this paper,the DC system electrical scheme design,the DC filter design,the DC harmonic component suppression,the over voltage and insulation coordination,the requirements for converter station equipment,the main equipment technical parameters of equipment(including thyristor valve,converter transformer,smoothing reactor,DC breaker),the configuration of measuring device and DC control protection system,and the de-icing operation design are investigated.According to the UHVDC technology researched conclusions and the development of the project construction,the UHVDC system design for converter stations becomes an optimal combination.The optimized design solves numbers of technical problems of the world’s first UHVDC project,and it is applied to the project’s construction.Under the actual operating condition,the optimized design is proved to be correct and superior.These optimal design conclusions are impartment for developing UHVDC technique and equipment,and provide reference for future UHVDC projects.