Comparison of spatial compositional uniformity and dislocation density for organometallic vapor phase epitaxial Hg1−x CdxTe grown by the direct alloy and interdiffused growth processes

Etch pit density and spatial compositional uniformity data are presented for organometallic vapor phase epitaxial Hg_1−x Cd_x Te grown by the direct alloy and interdiffused growth methods. For alloy growth, composition variation is as low as Δx=0.004 and 0.02 over 2- and 3-in diam areas, respectively; while for growth on CdZnTe substrates, etch pit density values lower than 2×10⁵ cm⁻² have been achieved. For interdiffused growth on CdZnTe, etch pit density values lower than 5×10⁵ cm⁻² have been obtained, while the composition variation is usually Δx≤0.004 and 0.014 over 2- and 3-in diam areas, respectively. Data demonstrate that the choice of particular CdZnTe substrate strongly affects the subsequent etch pit density measured in the layer. Reasonably uniform n-type doping over 3-in diam area using the source triethylgallium is also reported for both growth methods.     

Superconductivity and magnetism in niobium doped YBa2Cu3O7 Related high Tc ceramics

Magnetic characterization has been performed on the members of the cuprateniobate RBa₂Cu₂NbO₈ (R = Pr, Nd, and La) series and R_1.5Ce_0.5Sr₂Cu₂NbO₁₀ (R = Pr, Eu, Nd, and Sm) series. The PrBCNO samples show a signature in the magnetization of a magnetic ordering at 12K. The PrCSCNO sample is nonsuperconducting and shows two distinct orderings at 17K and 53K. No such magnetic phase transition is observed down to 2K in the Nd and La based RBCNO materials or the Nd, Sm, and Eu based RCSCNO materials. Measurements of the lower critical field curve, dc irreversibility line, and critical curent densities are reported for each of the superconducting NdCSCNO, SmCSCNO, and EuCSCNO compounds.     

液体浓度光波导测量方法研究

对测量液体浓度用的各种不同形状的大直径玻璃光波导进行了研究，理论计算了其测量灵敏度与弯曲半径的关系，并建立了近红外的测试系统，对各种弯曲的光波导进行了测量，得到与理论分析相近的结果。     

大功率激光功率密度分布的简易测试

本文提出一种测量连续输出大功率红外激光功率密度分布的实用方法,并详细分析其物理机理。     

驱替过程中重力舌进特征的核磁共振可视化实验

重力舌进是一种岩心驱替实验中常见的由于重力作用导致驱替剂沿岩心上缘或下缘突进的现象,其直接影响驱替剂的应用效果。由于在驱替过程中无法对岩心内部进行直接观察,因此对重力舌进现象没有直观的认识。利用油藏数值模拟方法模拟了重力对水驱油过程中流体流动形态的影响,并利用基于核磁共振成像技术的岩心驱替可视化实验方法研究了重力舌进产生的条件及影响因素,同时提出了一种获得产生重力舌进特征临界密度差的新方法。研究结果表明,驱替流体与被驱替流体的密度差是产生重力舌进现象最直接的原因;当实际的密度差大于临界密度差时,则产生显著的重力舌进现象;驱替介质的黏度和驱替流量对重力舌进特征的影响并不明显;在实际生产过程中,可以根据地层流体性质优选驱替液的密度,减少重力舌进对驱替效果的影响。     

精细控压压力平衡法固井技术的应用实践

精细控压钻井技术多用于解决同一裸眼油气井段存在多压力系统、窄安全密度窗口地层的安全钻进难题,其尾管固井作业若采用常规方法,在满足小间隙尾管固井顶替效率的前提下,施工过程中必然造成井漏;若采用"正注反打"工艺,固井质量又难以满足后期超深井试油工程的需要。为此,以四川盆地剑阁构造上所钻龙岗70井?114.3 mm尾管固井作业为例,探索精细控压压力平衡法固井技术在多储层、高低压互存、长裸眼段(859 m)中的固井应用。具体做法如下:①采取了确保水泥浆环空充填效率、固井施工全过程压力平衡等针对性的技术措施;②依靠精细控压钻井装置和中心管泵注加重钻井液的方式,精确控制环空压力平衡来降低钻井液密度,实现窄安全密度窗口地层的固井施工全过程井筒压力平稳。现场试验结果表明,该井?114.3 mm尾管固井质量良好,分阶段降密度期间喇叭口无窜流,试压合格。结论认为,该方法能够提高复杂超深气井尾管的固井质量,改善了后期高压气井试油安全作业的井筒条件。     

高石梯-磨溪区块高压气井尾管固井技术

针对西南油气田高石梯-磨溪区块高压气井φ177.8 mm尾管固井遇到的气层活跃、安全密度窗口窄、流体相容性差及高温大温差等问题,制定了相应的固井技术措施。开发了适合高温大温差固井的自愈合防窜高密度水泥浆体系,并进行了室内研究。结果表明:该体系密度为2.0~2.8 g/cm3,现场一次混配可达2.6 g/cm3以上;适应温度为常温~180℃;浆体的上下密度差不大于0.05 g/cm3;失水量不大于50 mL;稠化时间与缓凝剂掺量具有良好的线性关系,稠化过渡时间不大于10 min;静胶凝强度过渡时间不大于20 min;24 h抗压强度大于10 MPa,水泥石顶部48 h抗压强度大于3.5 MPa,低温下强度发展快,形成的水泥石体积稳定不收缩,具有类似韧性水泥的力学性能;遇油气产生体积膨胀,保证了界面胶结质量和密封完整性,降低了固井后发生气窜的风险。该固井技术在高石X井和高石Y井中进行了应用,固井优质率和合格率得到较大幅度提高,水泥环后期不带压,获得良好应用效果。      

一种低温早强低密度水泥浆

低温下,常规低密度水泥浆体系早期强度发展缓慢,水泥石胶结能力差,影响了水泥环封固质量,浅层易漏井固井质量问题日益突出,为此,进行低温早强低密度水泥浆体系研究。根据紧密堆积理论及综合室内实验研究,研制了密度为1.30~1.50 g/cm3的低温早强低密度水泥浆体系,主要优选了超细胶凝材料和锂盐复合早强剂,增加了低密度水泥石的致密性,提高了低密度水泥石的早期强度,25℃凝结时间为13 h,24 h抗压强度为10.2 MPa。该体系具有低温早期强度高,凝结时间短,稳定性好等优点。在大庆油田现场成功应用2口井,固井质量合格率100%,取得良好的应用效果。      

考虑吸附相视孔隙度的页岩气藏物质平衡方程

页岩气藏储量是确定气藏开发规模和开发设计的必要参数,对于合理有效开发页岩气藏具有重要意义。在前人研究的基础上,建立了综合考虑吸附相视孔隙度、基质和裂缝孔隙体积随压力变化以及吸附相密度等因素的物质平衡方程。通过实例计算可知:考虑吸附相视孔隙度后,计算得到的基质中自由气储量大幅度减少,吸附气储量大幅度增加,总储量增加;而且吸附相密度、基质孔隙度和裂缝压缩系数对于储量的计算结果也有较大影响。     

Probabilitic flows for reliability evaluation of multiarea power system interconnections

The development of a solution method and computer program for the evaluation of multiarea reliability is reported. An interconnected power system is modelled as a capacitated network with probabilistic arc capacities. The proposed solution method consists of an analytic state space decomposition phase and a Monte-Carlo simulation phase. An optimization problem is solved to minimize the total computational time for the two phases. The solution of the optimal mix problem determines the termination of the decomposition phase and the size of sample for the Monte-Carlo phase. A new reliability index, the inadequate transfer capability, is introduced. This measure indicates the relative effectiveness of either increasing existing capacities or opening new interconnections between two areas. The proposed method has been incorporated into a computationally efficient production grade software package, called Remain (Reliability Evaluation of Multiarea Interconnections). The application of Remain to a seven-area example for planning-system enhancement is given. Computational-times data is also presented.