Occurrence and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Residential Soils from National Capital Region,Uttar Pradesh,India

This study aims to investigate the level of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and identification of their potential sources in residential soils. During the study, a total 36 soil samples collected from twelve residential locations at Sahibabad-Ghaziabad area of western Uttar Pradesh, India, a constituted part of the National Capital Region of India. Samples extracted using ultrasonication, cleaned with silica and analyzed by diode array detector–high-performance liquid chromatography using acetonitrile/water as mobile phase. The 25th and 75th percentile concentration of ∑PAHs was 264 μg kg^?1 and 584 μg kg^?1, respectively, with mean and median of 445 μg kg^?1 and 421 μg kg^?1. The detection frequency of PAHs in all samples was lower for low molecular weight PAHs (19%) than high molecular weight PAHs (81%). The concentration of seven probable carcinogenic PAHs accounted for 67% of the ∑PAHs. PAHs toxicity potential as benzo(a)pyrene toxicity equivalent ranged between 2.52–253 μg BaP_TEQ kg^?1. Composition profile of PAHs with different aromatic rings and selected diagnostic molecular ratios suggested the local pyrogenic sources of PAHs from vehicular emissions, diesel engines, biomass combustion, gasoline, and coal combustions.     

妊娠期妇女甲状腺功能检测在子痫前期的诊断价值研究

目的: 分析妊娠期妇女甲状腺功能检测在子痫前期（PE）中的诊断价值,为妊娠期妇女PE的早期诊断与治疗提供参考。方法: 选取2015年3月至2017年2月来本院就诊的41例PE患者为观察组,选取同时期参与体检的29名健康妊娠期妇女为对照组,比较两组血清中的游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）及甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）水平;采用ROC曲线分析FT4、TSH、TPOAb检测及三项指标联合检测对PE的诊断价值,比较各检测方法对PE诊断的阳性及阴性预测值、灵敏度、特异度、一致性及ROC曲线下面积（AUC）。结果: 观察组的TSH水平及TPOAb阳性率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,FT4水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;FT4、TSH、TPOAb检测及三项指标联合检测诊断PE的阳性预测值分别为：0.871,0.917,0.848,0.923;阴性预测值分别为：0.641,0.765,0.649,0.839;敏感度分别为：0.659,0.805,0.683,0.878;特异度分别为：0.862,0.897,0.828,0.897;Kappa值分别为0.496,0.684,0.491,0.767;AUC分别为0.620,0.706,0.675,0.775,三项联合诊断的AUC显著高于FT4、TSH及TPOAb的单独检测（P<0.05）。结论: 妊娠期妇女甲状腺各项功能指标检测在PE的诊断中均有较高的应用价值,且三项指标联合检测的诊断价值最高。     

基于粗糙决策树模型的复杂设备智能故障诊断

提出一种粗糙决策树智能故障诊断方法。首先利用粗糙集理论构建故障诊断决策表;然后应用最小熵离散算法对特征数据进行离散;接着利用基于分辨矩阵的算法对决策表进行属性约简,并基于最大聚类比原则优选出最佳约简;最后利用C4.5算法构造出诊断决策树。并对实例进行故障诊断。结果表明：该方法不仅能有效地减少特征数据获取的工作量,而且能快速准确地实现故障识别,具有比粗糙集诊断法、粗糙决策诊断法和C4.5诊断法更强的工程实用性。     

医院级CT辐射剂量及诊断剂量水平研究

探讨医院级各部位CT扫描辐射剂量及成人CT检查诊断剂量水平。采集2018年2月—2019年1月本院在GE Light Speed 16 CT设备上进行诊断性CT检查的全部成年人共15 440例的CT检查数据,按照检查部位进行分类,统计各部位的容积剂量指数(CTDI_vol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)。使用SPSS 19统计软件分析CTDI_vol、DLP的四分位数并计算有效剂量(ED)。结果表明,各部位CTDI_vol的诊断剂量参考水平(DRL)值为:颅脑87.75 mGy、肺部8.09 mGy、上下腹15.82 mGy、上下腹盆腔15.79 mGy;各部位DLP的诊断剂量参考水平(DRL)值为:颅脑1 053.03 mGy·cm、肺部245.19 mGy·cm、上下腹269.96 mGy·cm、上下腹盆腔835.20 mGy·cm。研究中发现肺部CTDI_vol、DLP的DRL值(分别为8.09 mGy、245.19 mGy·cm)低于我国其他地区和其他国家的DRL值;60岁以下患者肺部CT检查CTDI_vol、DLP的DRL值低于8.09 mGy、245.19 mGy·cm,60岁以上患者肺部CT检查CTDI_vol、DLP的DRL值高于8.09 mGy、245.19 mGy·cm。通过研究可以确定医院级各部位CT检查辐射剂量及成人CT检查诊断剂量水平,能为优化CT检查扫描技术和监测辐射剂量提供基础。     

云南镇源难处理金精矿工艺矿物学研究

利用X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、X射线能谱分析（EDX）和矿物解离分析（MLA）等检测手段对云南镇源难处理金精矿的化学组成、矿物组成、硫化物特征以及金的分布情况进行了详细的工艺矿物学研究。结果显示：该金矿以硫化矿、碳酸盐和硅酸盐类矿物为主,含有3.18%的有机碳和2.37%的无机碳。通过金的诊断浸出发现96.16%的金被硫化物包裹,少量金以单体形式存在。通过对主要载金矿物黄铁矿、辉锑矿和毒砂的粒度、包裹及裸露情况进行分析,得出大部分硫化矿以解离单体的形式存在,少部分与其他矿物共生。根据MLA测试及金的诊断浸出,认为大部分金被硫化矿完全包裹,处理该矿石时应先进行硫化物包裹层的氧化处理,再进行金矿的浸出。     

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Z in Central Nervous System Disease

Gliomas are among the most common tumors of the central nervous system and include highly malignant subtypes, such as glioblastoma, which are associated with poor prognosis. Effective treatments are therefore urgently needed. Despite the recent advances in neuroimaging technologies, differentiating gliomas from other brain diseases such as multiple sclerosis remains challenging in some patients, and often requires invasive brain biopsy. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) is a heavily glycosylated membrane protein that is highly expressed in the central nervous system. Several reports analyzing mouse tumor models suggest that PTPRZ may have potential as a therapeutic target for gliomas. A soluble cleaved form of PTPRZ (sPTPRZ) in the cerebrospinal fluid is markedly upregulated in glioma patients, making it another promising diagnostic biomarker. Intriguingly, PTPRZ is also involved in the process of remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Indeed, lowered PTPRZ glycosylation by deletion of the glycosyltransferase gene leads to reduced astrogliosis and enhanced remyelination in mouse models of demyelination. Here, we review the expression, molecular structure, and biological roles of PTPRZ. We also discuss glioma and demyelinating diseases, as well as the pathological role of PTPRZ and its application as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.     

高分辨质谱库和特征组分诊断比值法快速鉴别食品中非法添加淫羊藿

建立了一种基于高分辨质谱库和特征组分诊断比值法鉴别食品中非法添加淫羊藿的方法。采用高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱仪构建淫羊藿6种特征组分高分辨质谱库进行初步筛查,将不同产地和采摘时间的淫羊藿中药材模拟配制酒、代用茶和饮料样品,构建3种基质中淫羊藿特征组分液相色谱分析方法,选取受产地、采摘时间、加工工艺等影响较小,不同基质组间无显著性差异的3组特征组分峰面积诊断比值DR1(朝藿定A/朝藿定B)、DR3(朝藿定A/淫羊藿苷)和DR7(朝藿定B/淫羊藿苷),合并后绘制箱图确定各诊断比值非异常值范围分别为0.60~0.96、0.26~0.64和0.35~0.91,以此作为鉴别指标。对实际样品配制酒、代用茶及饮料进行分析,1批次配制酒样品与淫羊藿6种特征组分高分辨质谱库匹配一致,且3组特征组分诊断比值DR1、DR3、DR7分别为0.73、0.28、0.38,均在规定区间内,推断该配制酒样品中加入了淫羊藿中药材。该方法准确、快捷、稳定性好,可快速鉴别食品中非法添加淫羊藿,为打击食品中非法添加淫羊藿违法行为提供技术支撑。     

Technical note: Validation of the BHBCheck blood β-hydroxybutyrate meter as a diagnostic tool for hyperketonemia in dairy cows

Accurate cow-side blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) detection meters are valuable tools for rapid diagnosis of hyperketonemia. The main objective of this study was to compare the blood BHB measured in whole blood by the BHBCheck meter (PortaCheck, Moorestown, NJ) to a previously validated meter, Precision Xtra meter (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) and a colorimetric laboratory assay. Samples (n = 426) were collected from postpartum primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows (n = 79 cows) enrolled in 1 of 2 experiments (Exp) with different sampling schedules (Exp 1: n = 39 cows, 58 samples; Exp 2: n = 40 cows, 368 samples). In both Exp, whole-blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vessels after morning milking, before morning feeding. Blood samples were used immediately for BHB quantification via the BHBCheck meter and the Precision Xtra meter. Blood was also collected into evacuated tubes containing no additive (Exp 1) or potassium oxalate/sodium fluoride (Exp 2), which were centrifuged for serum or plasma separation and stored at ?20°C for subsequent analysis. Laboratory quantification of BHB concentration was done by the BHB LiquiColor Assay (EKF Diagnostics-Stanbio, Boerne, TX; certified for serum and plasma). Data were analyzed by UNIVARIATE, CORR, FREQ, REG, and LOGISTIC procedures of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Within this sample set, average parity was 3.3 lactations and DIM was 14 d. The proportion of samples classified as hyperketonemia (BHB ≥1.2 mmol/L) was 25, 28, and 31% as determined by the colorimetric assay, BHBCheck meter, and Precision Xtra meter, respectively. The correlation for BHBCheck meter BHB concentration compared with the colorimetric assay concentrations was r = 0.96, with a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 93%. Correlation, sensitivity, and specificity of the Precision Xtra meter concentrations were 0.97, 98%, and 92%, respectively. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated minimal bias for both meters. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve suggests adequate diagnostic accuracy of both meters. Overall, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the BHBCheck meter was similar to the Precision Xtra meter and laboratory assay, indicating the BHBCheck meter is appropriate for use as a cow-side diagnostic test for hyperketonemia in dairy cows.     

液压电磁阀故障机理分析与瞬态特性仿真

液压电磁阀作为液压系统中的关键元件,是电控系统和液压系统的控制中枢,在大型武器装备中使用数量多、分布广,且故障率较高,对其实施在线监测诊断对于确保液压系统的正常运行十分重要.在收集整理电磁阀常见故障的基础上,深入研究了各类故障的发生机理;通过对电磁阀常见故障和特征信号的可测性分析,提出了一种基于磁场和振动敏感的电磁阀非介入式测试诊断技术;通过对电磁阀工作过程中的磁路分析和阀芯受力分析,建立了电磁阀的瞬态响应仿真模型,并进行了实验验证,为电磁阀故障的快速检测诊断奠定了基础.     

基于贝叶斯网络的不确定性知识的推理方法

贝叶斯网络是不确定性知识表达与推理的一种新方法。它是概率论和图论相结合的产物,可用于复杂多因果关系的分析,是人工智能领域的研究热点和重要成果之一。由于它的解决方案明确、直观,所以近年来在远程医疗、故障诊断以及数据挖掘等领域,得到了广泛的应用。本文论述了贝叶斯网络的基本理论、方法和应用,并指出当前所存在的主要问题。