Aromatic Hydrogenation Catalysis: A Review

High aromatic content in diesel fuel has been recognized both to lower the fuel quality and to contribute significantly to the formation of undesired emissions in exhaust gases [1, 2]. Because of the health hazards associated with these emissions, environmental regulations governing the composition of diesel fuels are being tightened in both Europe and the United States, leading to limitations on aromatics [3, 4].     

Supervisory control of multiple robots in dynamic tasking environments

A military targeting environment was simulated to examine the effects of an intelligent route-planning agent RoboLeader, which could support dynamic robot re-tasking based on battlefield developments, on the performance of robotics operators. We manipulated the level of assistance (LOAs) provided by RoboLeader as well as the presence of a visualisation tool that provided feedback to the participants on their primary task (target encapsulation) performance. Results showed that the participants' primary task benefited from RoboLeader on all LOAs conditions compared to manual performance; however, visualisation had little effect. Frequent video gamers demonstrated significantly better situation awareness of the mission environment than did infrequent gamers. Those participants with higher spatial ability performed better on a secondary target detection task than did those with lower spatial ability. Finally, participants' workload assessments were significantly lower when they were assisted by RoboLeader than when they performed the target entrapment task manually. Practitioner Summary: This study demonstrated the utility of an intelligent agent for enhancing robotics operators' supervisory control performance as well as reducing their workload during a complex urban scenario involving moving targets. The results furthered the understanding of the interplay among level-of-autonomy, multitasking performance and individual differences in military tasking environments.     

柴油机连杆调质工艺的研究

提出了一套柴油机连杆调质处理的新工艺，使连杆在没有显微裂纹的情况下得到合适的显微组织和硬度。     

柴油机喷雾特性的传统及现代测试方法

介绍了近现代内燃机工作者为了研究柴油机喷雾特性所应用和研究开发的一系列测试柴油机喷雾场的方法及其工作原理，并比较了各种方法的优越性及局限性．最后提出了一个研究出一种能实现瞬态喷雾全场雾滴尺寸及速度同时测量的在线实时测量新技术必要性的观点。     

Orientationability analyses of a special class of the Stewart–Gough parallel manipulators using the unit quaternion representation

This paper addresses the orientation-singularity and orientationability analyses of a special class of the Stewart–Gough parallel manipulators whose moving and base platforms are two similar semi-symmetrical hexagons. Employing a unit quaternion to represent the orientation of the moving platform, an analytical expression representing the singularity locus of this class of parallel manipulators in a six-dimensional Cartesian space is obtained. It shows that for a given orientation, the position-singularity locus is a cubic polynomial expression in the moving platform position parameters, and for a given position, the orientation-singularity locus is an analytical expression but not a polynomial directly with respect to the mobile platform orientation parameters. Further inspection shows that for the special class of parallel manipulators, there must exist a nonsingular orientation void in the orientation space around the orientation origin for each position in the position-workspace. Therefore, a new performance index referred to as orientationability is introduced to describe the orientation capability of the special class of manipulators at a given position. A discretization algorithm is proposed for the computation of the orientationability of the special class of manipulators. Moreover, effects of the design parameters and position parameters on the orientationability are investigated in details. Based on the orientationability performance index, another novel performance index referred to as practical orientationability is presented which represents the practical orientation capability of the manipulator at a given position. The practical orientationability not only can satisfy all the kinematic demands and constraints of such class of manipulators, but also can guarantee that the manipulator is nonsingular.     

Effect of integrated extrusion–equal channel angular pressing temperature on microstructural characteristics of low carbon steel

Abstract

In the present research, a combined forward extrusion–equal channel angular pressing was developed and executed for the deformation of a plain carbon steel. In this method, two different deformation steps, including forward extrusion and equal channel angular pressing, take place successively in a single die. The deformation process was performed at different deformation start temperatures (800, 930 and 1100°C). Three-dimensional finite element simulation was used to predict the strain and temperature variations within the samples during deformation. With microstructural observations and the results of finite element simulation, the main grain refinement mechanisms were studied at different deformation temperatures. The results show that the forward extrusion–equal channel angular pressing is effective in refining the ferrite grains from an initial size of 32 μm to a final size of ～0·9 μm. The main mechanisms of grain refinement were considered to be strain assisted transformation, dynamic strain induced transformation and continuous dynamic recrystallisation, depending on the deformation temperature.     

Structure factors of modified liquid Al–Si alloys

The structure factor and the coordination numbers of liquid Al–Si alloys with different Si content have been measured by a high temperature X-ray diffractometer. Radial distribution functions (RDFs), the nearest atomic distance and the coordination numbers of eutectic Al–Si alloys before and after being modified with Sr and Sb were studied. The RDFs of the liquid alloy were decomposed by five Gaussian peaks. The results show that a Si–Si covalent bond exists in the liquid of eutectic and hyper-eutectic alloys. Sr in the liquid Al–Si has a capability to weaken the covalent bonds of Si–Si, suppressing the nucleation of the eutectic silicon phase. On the other hand, Sb in the liquid Al–Si increases the order degree of Si atoms, decreasing the supercooling degree of the nucleation and promoting the nucleation of eutectic silicon.     

Annealing process of fine grained co-stabilised (Y,Mg)-PSZ/MgAl2O4 ceramics

Abstract

Co-stabilised (Y,Mg) partially stabilised zirconia (PSZ) ceramics with MgAl₂O₄ spinel additions were produced, with industrial zirconia as the main starting material. Powders were prepared using a mechanical milling–mixing process. The effect of the annealing process on the mechanical properties, phase compositions, and microstructure of fine grained PSZ ceramics was investigated.     

焦化汽柴油加氢捕硅剂的制备及性能评价

目的 脱除焦化汽柴油馏分中的有机硅化合物,避免催化剂硅中毒。方法 以拟薄水铝石粉为载体制备原料,镍钼为活性金属组分,采用等体积浸渍法制备了加氢捕硅剂,利用N₂吸附脱附、X射线衍射、吡啶红外光谱、扫描电镜等方法对其进行分析表征,并在200 mL加氢中试装置上考查了捕硅剂的脱硅活性和2 000 h活性稳定性。结果 自主开发的捕硅剂比表面积和孔容较高,酸性适宜,活性金属分布均匀,强度满足工业装置装填要求。捕硅剂的脱硅活性较高,在典型的工业条件下,脱硅率>90%,在2 000 h活性稳定性试验过程中,脱硅率稳定>90%,活性稳定性良好,且具有较高的容硅能力。结论 自主开发的捕硅剂具有广阔的工业应用前景,对清洁燃料的生产及保护装置的长周期稳定运行具有十分重要的意义。