Biofiltration of toluene in the absence and the presence of ethyl acetate under continuous and intermittent loading

BACKGROUND: Two peat biofilters were used for the removal of toluene from air for one year. One biofilter was fed with pure toluene and the other received 1:1 (by weight) ethyl acetate:toluene mixture. RESULTS: The biofilters were operated under continuous loading: the toluene inlet load (IL) at which 80% removal occurred was 116 g m^?3 h^?1 at 57 s gas residence time. Maximum elimination capacity of 360 g m^?3 h^?1 was obtained at an IL of 745 g m^?3 h^?1. The elimination of toluene was inhibited by the presence of ethyl acetate. Intermittent loading, with pollutants supplied for 16 h/day, 5 days/week, did not significantly affect the removal efficiency (RE). Biomass was fully activated in 2 h after night closures, but 6 h were required to recover RE after weekend closures. Live cell density remained relatively constant over the operational period, while the dead cell fraction increased. Finally, a 15 day starvation period was applied and operation then re‐started. Performance was restored with similar re‐acclimatization period to that after weekend closures, and a reduction in dead cell fraction was observed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the capacity of the system to handle intermittent loading conditions that are common in industrial practices, including long‐term starvation. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

高压CO_2和乙醇协同沉淀法从牛乳中分离蛋白质的研究

以CO2 为沉淀剂 ,乙醇为CO2 助溶剂 ,考察了高压CO2 和乙醇对牛乳中蛋白质的协同沉淀作用。结果表明 :牛乳中蛋白质的沉淀存在着临界温度和临界压力 ,分别为 3 2℃和2 76MPa ,当体系高于这个临界温度和临界压力时对沉淀过程有利 ;CO2 和乙醇对牛乳中蛋白质的沉淀具有双重作用 ,在水体系中加入乙醇既有助于增加CO2 的溶解度 ,也可以使沉淀的临界温度和临界压力降低     

茨21-133井CO2吞吐技术初步试验

茨榆坨油田茨13块原油属于普通稠油，1993年开始蒸汽吞吐采油，从第二轮开始效果明显变差，注汽返排率低，有效周期短，产量下降快，套管变形井增多。针对这些问题，在该区块茨21—133井进行CO2吞吐采油工艺现场试验，获得成功，增油效果明显。     

二氧化碳与磷化氢混合熏蒸防治储烟害虫试验

目前,储烟害虫防治普遍采用磷化铝片剂常规熏蒸法,磷化铝施用量为6～9g/m3,安全上存在一定的隐患。为了减少磷化铝用药量,于2003年应用微电脑控制的仓外混合熏蒸机,施用钢瓶装液化二氧化碳和56%磷化铝片剂,进行了二氧化碳与磷化氢混合熏蒸杀虫试验,以8g/m3磷化铝常规熏蒸法为对照。试验结果表明,磷化铝施用量为2.3g/m3、二氧化碳施用量为12g/m3,混合熏蒸结果达到100%杀死害虫。与对照相比,杀虫效果相同,混合熏蒸法具有磷化铝施用量较小、较为安全和有利于减少污染等优点。     

Oxidative radical generation via nitrogen dioxide dimer conversions induced by amide groups of macromolecules

The features of initiation of free radical reactions in polymers by dimers of nitrogen dioxide are considered. The conversion of planar dimers into nitrosyl nitrate in the presence of amide groups of macromolecules has been revealed. Nitrosyl nitrate initiates radical reactions in oxidative primary process of electron transfer with formation of intermediate radical cations and nitric oxide. As a result of subsequent reactions, nitrogen‐containing radicals are produced. The dimer conversion has been exhibited by estimation of the oxyaminoxyl radical yield in characteristic reaction of p‐benzoquinone with nitrogen dioxide on addition of aromatic polyamide and polyvinylpyrrolidone to reacting system. The isomerization of planar dimers is efficient in their complexes with amide groups, as confirmed by ab initio calculations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Anodic oxidation of mecoprop herbicide at lead dioxide

The electrochemical oxidation of an aqueous solution containing mecoprop (2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid) has been studied at PbO₂ anodes by cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis. The influence of current density, hydrodynamic conditions, temperature and pH on the degradation rate and current efficiency is reported. The results obtained show that the use of PbO₂ leads to total mineralization of mecoprop due to the production of oxidant hydroxyl radical electrogenerated from water discharge. The current efficiency for the electro-oxidation of mecoprop is enhanced by low current density, high recycle flow-rates and high temperature. In contrast, the pH effect was not significant. It has also been observed that mecoprop decay kinetics follows a pseudo-first-order reaction and the rate constant increases with rising current density.     

High-performance carbon counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Here, we reported that a new carbon electrode prepared with an activated carbon was superior to a Pt sputtered electrode as the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells. The photovoltaic performance was largely influenced by the roughness factor of carbon electrode. The open-circuit voltage increased by about 60 mV using the carbon counter electrode compared to the Pt counter electrode because of positive shift of the formal potential for I₃⁻/I⁻ couple.     

纳米掺钼二氧化钛光催化剂研究发展

介绍了纳米掺钼二氧化钛光催化剂的制备、特性及应用     

超临界CO2处理后的金属铀表面氧化腐蚀和电化学腐蚀实验研究

采用重量法和电化学方法分别得到表面经超临界CO2处理后的铀试样在60℃、70％RH条件下的氧化动力学曲线(△m-t)和在50μg/g Cl^-溶液中的阳极极化曲线、自腐蚀电流等抗蚀评价指标。结果表明：经超临界CO2处理后，金属铀表面抗氧化腐蚀性能和抗化学介质腐蚀性能均有一定程度提高。对钝化膜提高金属铀表面抗腐蚀性能的原因进行了探讨。     

Morphological changes in poly(?-caprolactone) in dense carbon dioxide

Morphological changes that take place in poly(?-caprolactone) upon exposure to carbon dioxide at high pressures have been explored as a function of pressure and temperature. SEM and DSC results point to a competition between CO₂-modulated crystallization and pressure-induced phase separation which leads to unique morphologies. At 293 K, exposure to CO₂ at pressures up to 45 MPa leads to recrystallization resulting in higher level of crystallinity and higher melting temperatures. Highest crystallinity levels along with distinct crystal morphology were observed after exposure to CO₂ at 308 K and 21 MPa. At a higher pressure at this temperature (308 K/34 MPa) polymer undergoes melting, and foaming is achieved during depressurization prior to solidification. At 323 K, the polymer is found to display unique crystal morphology with concave crystal geometry as well as porous domains. The results are discussed in terms of the crystallization and phase separation paths that are followed during exposure to CO₂ and the depressurization stages.