Rate of adsorption to and desorption from a langmuir surface: The case of zero activation barrier to adsorption without dissociation

Many rate constants of elementary steps on single crystals have been measured. Their pre-exponential factors can now be compared to those calculated by transition state theory. Such a calculation is presented in this Letter with due attention to microscopic reversibility, standard states, and configurational entropy.     

Surface activity of quaternary ammonium salts derived from jojoba oil

A number ofcis andtrans quatenary ammonium salts were synthesized from jojoba oil. All derivatives were found to be surface active agents, i.e., they reduced the surface tension to 35 dynes/cm⁻¹, at very low concentrations. The relationship between the surface activity and the molecular structure is discussed.     

Surface copper enrichment by reduction of copper chromite catalyst employed for carbon monoxide oxidation

The effect of prereduction on CO oxidation activity of unsupported copper-chromite oxide catalysts was examined. Results were found to be in good agreement with two mechanisms for a surface copper enrichment due to CO prereduction which produced an activity increase in the copper-chromite catalyst.     

Surface activity of the lipid products hydrolyzed with lipase and phospholipase A-2

We examined thein vitro surface activity, immersional wettability and adhesional wettability shown by aqueous solutions of soy lysophospholipid (SLP)/monoglyceride (MG)/fatty acid (FA), SLP/FA and SLP/MG, and found that many lipid mixtures showed significant surface activity when their MG and FA components consisted of polyunsaturated FA and/or medium chain FA. The more unsaturated the FA, the higher the surface activity. A mixture of SLP/medium chain fatty acid MG (medium chain MG)/medium chain FA showed the highest surface activity, and was comparable to an Aerosol-OT surfactant, the most effective wetting agent. SLP/polyunsaturated FA monoglyceride (polyunsaturated MG)/polyunsaturated FA, SLP/medium chain FA, and SLP/polyunsaturated FA, SLP/medium chain MG, and SLP/polyunsaturated MG also showed a high degree of activity. Wettability decreased rapidly when the amount of saturated, long chain FA moieties increased. It is recognized that the degrees of unsaturation and the chain length of FAs in the lipid mixtures have a decisive influence on surface activities. Higher ratios of MG and FA to SLP gave higher activity; and solubilizers such as bile salts were necessary to dissolve them in water.     

Silicon Nitride Derived from an Organometallic Polymeric Precursor: Preparation and Characterization

Partially crystalline Si₃N₄, with nanosized crystals and a specific surface area greater than 200 m²/g, is obtained by pyrolysis of a commercially available vinylic polysilane in a stream of anhydrous NH₃ to 1000°C. This polymer does not contain N initially. Crystallization to high-purity α-Si₃N₄ proceeds with additional heating above 1400°C under N₂. The changes in crystallinity, powder morphology, infrared spectra, and elemental compositions, for samples annealed from 1000° to 1600°C under N₂, are consistent with an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation. Although macroscopic consolidation and local densification occur at 1400°C, volatilization and accompanying weight loss limit bulk densification. The effect of temperature on specific surface area is examined and related to the sintering process. These results are applicable to pyrolysis, decomposition, and crystallization studies of ceramics synthesized by polymeric precursor routes.     

Ultrasonic Dispersion of Ceramic Powders

Ultrasonication is very effective in dispersing alumina and barium titanate slurries. When optimum conditions are used, very short durations (2 to 3 min) are enough to achieve well-dispersed, stable suspensions.     

ZnWO4晶体着色和消色机理的研究

生长不掺杂但原料纯度不同的ZnwO_4晶体和掺人Sb_2O_2、CeO_2、Ag_2O等杂质的掺杂znwO_4晶体。晶体在氧气中高温退火,测试晶体退火前后的性能,探讨ZnwO_4晶体着色和消色机理;提出ZoWO_4晶体的颜色是由于色心复合体“Fe~(2+)+[O~(2-)]+电子”引起的。     

Ozonation of Trace Organic Compounds: Model Predictions versus Experimental Data

This paper is focused on the use of ozone for the elimination of manmade organic micropollutants from drinking waters and waste effluents requiring advanced treatment. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the physical transport and chemical oxidation phenomena prevailing during the process of ozonation. A packed column reactor was constructed in order to test the aptness of the process model. After determining the fluid-dynamic and mass transfer properties of the reactor, stock water solutions spiked with toluene were brought into contact with gaseous O₂-O₃ mixtures. Toluene removal efficiencies observed under different experimental conditions then were compared with the model predictions.     

基于低速面阵CCD的正弦相位调制干涉测量

正弦相位调制(SPM)干涉测量技术用于表面形貌测量时,需要帧速高于300 frame/s的图像传感器,同时要求调制信号频率与图像传感器帧速成确定的整数倍关系。提出一种基于低速CCD(30 frame/s)的帧速可调的高速图像传感技术,通过控制每帧像素总数提高CCD帧速,研制出一种高帧速图像传感器,帧速可达300~1600 frame/s,且每帧大小连续可调。将该CCD传感器用于正弦相位调制干涉泰曼-格林干涉仪,测量镀膜玻璃板表面形貌,当CCD图像传感器的帧速与调制信号频率呈16,8,4倍的关系时,得到玻璃板表面形貌的轮廓平均算术偏差Ra小于1.8 nm,重复精度优于3 nm。     

基于临时安全域的网格安全认证模型的研究

分析了现有网格安全体系结构模型存在的问题,结合网格固有的特点设计了一个网格环境下的认证模型,该模型以虚拟组织和信任域为基础,针对域内和域间环境采用不同的认证策略并且引入了临时安全域(TSD)的概念,通过分析表明该模型在提供安全身份鉴别的同时简化了实体之间的认证,满足网格环境的安全需求。