Measurement of antioxidants in distilled spirits by a silver nanoparticle assay

Ingestion of antioxidants from the diet is associated with improved health. Total antioxidant capacity as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) of distilled spirits was determined using a modified and validated silver nanoparticle (SNaP) assay utilizing silver nanoparticles pre‐capped with starch and microwave technology. GAE concentrations determined by the SNaP assay for the distilled spirits were validated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements of key antioxidant components including gallic acid, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, syringaldehyde and 2‐furaldehyde. SNaP assay and HPLC measurements of GAE were compared via statistical and graphical methods to demonstrate comparability. Application of the assay to 33 different distilled spirits demonstrated good agreement with published literature values, with the highest total antioxidant capacity values observed for bourbon samples followed by whisky, tequila and other types of liqueur. This study is novel for demonstrating the utility of a nanoparticle assay for determination of antioxidant capacity in distilled spirits with validation by HPLC. © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

两个品种桃蒸馏酒中甲醇含量差异性研究

为探究两个品种的桃蒸馏酒中甲醇含量的差异性,分别取不同采摘时期的两个桃子品种进行蒸馏酒的制作,采用气相色谱（GC）法测定桃蒸馏酒中的甲醇含量;并测定了两个品种桃果实的基本理化指标、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）活性、果胶酯酶（PE）活性及果实中的果胶含量;分别分析了甲醇含量与PG活性、PE活性及果实中果胶含量的相关性情况;并采用模拟发酵试验的方法进一步探究果胶含量及果胶酶含量对甲醇含量的影响。结果表明,两个品种桃蒸馏酒中甲醇含量差异大的原因主要与果实的PG活性、PE活性及果实中的可溶性果胶含量和原果胶含量显著相关（P＜0.01）,与果胶总含量无显著相关性（P＞0.05）;且模拟发酵试验证明了果胶含量和果胶酶活性是甲醇产生的重要途径之一。     

抽余油改质生产高辛烷值汽油技术的工业应用

目的 采用抽余油改质技术提高装置抽余油应用的经济效益。方法 通过对比分析抽余油改质技术和C₅/C₆异构化技术,结合实际生产运行数据,对抽余油改质技术的工业应用进行了探讨。结果 生产的改质汽油辛烷值比抽余油辛烷值提高了9～10个单位,实现了可观的经济效益;同时,经过改质反应后,抽余油中烯烃含量降低,从而有效降低了汽油调合池中烯烃含量,为全厂生产高标号汽油创造了有利条件。结论 抽余油改质技术流程简单,投资少,安全性高,具有良好的经济效益和广阔的应用前景。     

中国蒸馏白酒新标准的颁布实施

介绍了标准的作用和制定原则,并详细地比较了中国蒸馏白酒新、老标准之间的差别,阐明了新标准的先进性、科学性和合理性.     

模糊数学评价三种配制新疆葡萄蒸馏酒工艺及香气成分分析

基于模糊数学评价法对枸杞甘草配制葡萄蒸馏酒的3种不同加工工艺进行评价,结合顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)比较3种加工工艺对葡萄蒸馏酒...     

Distilled beverage aging: A review on aroma characteristics,maturation mechanisms,and artificial aging techniques

The market value of distilled beverage relies on its quality with a major contribution of distinctive and fascinating aromas. The aroma of distilled beverage is built on the basis of chemical components and can be modified through a series of physical and chemical processes such as aging. Revealing the hidden knowledge behind the evolution of numerous chemical components during these physicochemical processes in distilled beverages is not only significant but also challenging due to its complex system. In this review, the trends in the changes of associated aroma compounds over aging are proposed on the basis of understanding the relationship between chemical components and aroma profiles of numerous typical distilled beverages. The different aging systems, both classical platforms from Eastern countries (pottery jars) to Western countries (wood barrels), and modern platforms such as artificial aging technologies are outlined and compared with their respective applications. Optimizing aging processes is a challenging but imperative step, which warrants further fundamental knowledge from targeting aging-related molecules to the exploration of multitude physicochemical reaction mechanisms that occur during this process, such as the formation of potent odorant compounds in specific containers and environments, as well as mass transfer processes between solid and liquid interfaces. Understanding these maturation mechanisms of distilled beverages expressed by chemosensory signature holds promise for major improvements in future aging technologies that can efficiently yield stable and high-quality products.     

原料热处理方式对苹果蒸馏酒中甲醇含量和香气的影响

该研究分别对酿酒苹果原料进行1#（室温晾晒20 min）、2#(70℃、20 min)、3#(70℃、30 min)、4#(90℃、20 min)、5#(90℃、30 min)热处理后酿造苹果蒸馏酒，采用气相色谱法（GC）测定甲醇含量，电子鼻（E-nose）结合气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术分析香气物质，考察不同原料热处理方式对苹果蒸馏酒中甲醇含量和香气的影响。结果表明，与1#热处理酒样相比，其他酒样中的甲醇含量均显著降低（P<0.05），且4#、5#热处理酒样中的甲醇含量<2.00 g/L，分别为1.89 g/L、1.78 g/L。5种酒样的香气特性差异较大，共有的挥发性香气物质为23种，基于共有香气物质建立苹果蒸馏酒品质的评价模型发现，5#热处理酒样的综合得分最高（2.866分），香气品质更加突出。综上，原料热处理可以降低苹果蒸馏酒中的甲醇含量，并丰富其风味成分。     

正己烷耦合甲醇芳构化反应热力学计算

以抽余油中代表性化合物正己烷为模型化合物，进行了正己烷耦合甲醇芳构化反应热力学计算。结果表明：正己烷耦合甲醇芳构化反应体系中，甲醇芳构化和芳烃甲基化反应是放热反应，而正己烷芳构化反应为吸热反应，反应中存在热量耦合互补；甲醇芳构化反应较正己烷芳构化反应更易发生，甲醇及正己烷裂解反应，正己烷加氢生成戊烯的反应均不能自发进行，甲醇可自发生成乙烯和丙烯；升高反应温度可促进初始C—C的生成。     

食品添加剂对全麦馒头品质的影响

研究了蒸馏单甘酯、大豆磷脂及抗坏血酸对全麦馒头品质的影响。通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定了全麦馒头制作中蒸馏单甘酯、大豆磷脂及抗坏血酸的最佳添加量。结果表明,蒸馏单甘酯、大豆磷脂和抗坏血酸均可显著改善全麦馒头品质;以试验用全麦粉为原料,当蒸馏单甘酯、大豆磷脂和抗坏血酸添加量分别为5 g/kg、3 g/kg和80 mg/kg时,所制得全麦馒头品质最好。