Optimisation and Validation of the “Strathclyde Simulated Mouth” for Beverage Flavour Research

Flavour is perceived as the result of partition and equilibrium of volatile odorants of a food during consumption. Research previously carried out with whisky has been restricted to sensory and conventional chemical analyses, which have made a contribution to understanding the process, but cannot show what happens when whisky is consumed. Dynamic headspace methods are required to take a step further into understanding the phyco‐chemical interactions that take place in the mouth of the consumer or laboratory assessor. Buccal headspace analysis has been used for whiskies, but cannot be used for model systems of non‐food materials. The “Simulated Mouth” was therefore designed and constructed to imitate the mouth. Operation of the simulated mouth was optimised using buccal headspace analysis as a reference method. Parameters that were taken into consideration were: the flow rate of hydrated air through the simulated mouth cavity, presence of artificial saliva, the size of the vessel, the amount of whisky used, the use of glass beads to simulate teeth, shaking or static condition, and the time for collection of volatiles. The simulated mouth showed systematic changes in a series of samples of different maturation times. The arrangement of the model and the methodology should also be appropriate for study of flavour release from other liquid systems.     

芳烃抽提蒸馏工艺溶剂环丁砜中重组分的脱除

针对加氢裂解汽油芳烃抽提蒸馏工艺中重组分在贫溶剂中的积累问题,分别考察抽余油反萃取、水洗贫溶剂、水洗富溶剂、抽余油反萃取-水洗耦合4种方法对环丁砜溶剂的净化再生效果。结果表明,重组分中直链烷基苯最容易被脱除,多环芳烃的分离难度最大;温度对重组分的脱除有一定影响,且采用不同方法时的影响程度不同;4种方法中抽余油反萃取-水洗耦合法的再生效果最优,能够在油剂比（抽余油与待再生贫溶剂的质量比）为1.0、水洗比（水洗水与待再生贫溶剂的质量比）为1.0、温度为40℃的条件下,将贫溶剂中的环丁砜质量分数从94.25%提升至99.86%,达到工业生产所需循环贫溶剂的纯度要求。     

甲醇耦合抽余油芳构化反应催化剂制备及其催化性能研究

采用简单、快速、易工业化的一步法水热合成制备了ZSM-5/ZSM-11共晶分子筛,采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD、Py-IR、SEM和TEM等分析手段对ZSM-5/ZSM-11共晶分子筛进行了表征,并首次将成型催化剂应用于催化甲醇耦合抽余油芳构化反应体系中。结果表明：通过一系列表征手段证实了合成的分子筛为ZSM-5/ZSM-11共晶分子筛,具有多级孔结构,其比表面积为358 m²/g,孔体积0.35 cm³/g;具有B酸和L酸,B/L酸量比为2.07,晶体是由棒状的六方柱体插接而成的规则、棱角清晰的球体构成。在反应温度为380 ℃、反应压力为0.5 MPa、甲醇/抽余油质量比为1∶1、质量空速为1 h^-1的条件下,ZSM-5/ZSM-11共晶分子筛成型催化剂催化甲醇耦合抽余油芳构化反应时,C₅+收率大于81%,芳烃收率最高为38%。ZSM-5/ZSM-11共晶分子筛催化剂催化甲醇耦合抽余油芳构化反应具有良好的工业应用前景。     

萃取分离邻甲代烯丙氧基苯酚中邻苯二酚的相平衡

在25℃时,以蒸馏水和0.5％碳酸钠水溶液为萃取剂,从邻苯二酚单醚化制备邻甲代烯丙氧基苯酚的醚化液中萃取回收邻苯二酚,通过对不同浓度的邻苯二酚进行萃取,确定了相平衡曲线以及两相分配系数。同时利用二甲苯对醚化液的互溶性以及对水的不溶性,萃取剂与二甲苯同时使用,能够有效提高分配系数。另外对醚化液进行多级错流萃取研究,结果表明,邻苯二酚的萃取率可以达到90.2％,具有良好的萃取效果。     

湿法炼锌工艺的氟氯平衡分析

文章以某湿法炼锌厂为研究对象,就湿法炼锌工艺的氟氯平衡问题作了较为系统、全面的分析,为优化生产过程控制提供科学依据。     

糠醛抽余液和抽出液降温沉降分离技术的应用

糠醛抽余液采用降温沉降分离技术，将其冷却降温到75-80℃，在沉降罐中自然分离出2t／h左右的富糠醛相直接做循环溶剂使用，沉降后的抽余液(富油相)经系列换热到145-150℃，再经加热炉加热回收剩余溶剂，在工业应用中每年可降低成本约43万元。糠醛抽出液采用降温沉降分离技术，得到二次抽余液和二次抽出液，分别回收糠醛溶剂，得到抽析油和重抽出油，抽析油可做催化裂化原料，重抽出油可生产橡胶芳烃油。     

微波催化氧化法处理白酒废水

利用微波催化氧化处理白酒废水，其催化氧化的最佳条件为100mL白酒废水，加活性炭1．0g，H202(30％)1.0mL，微波功率为490w，加热时间20min，COD去除率达79．4％，用相似的方法还处理了苯胺等其他5种类型废水，效果较好。同时还进行了活性炭重复性试验，活性炭重复17次，其处理效果不变。     

The influence of water air content on cavitation erosion in distilled water

The influence of increased air content of the cavitating liquid (distilled water) was studied in rotating disk test rig. A rise in the total air content (including dissolved and entrained air) of the water in the undersaturated range resulted in bubble collapse cushioning and reduction of cavitation damage. When the water was oversaturated with air, large air bubbles formed and cavitation damage was drastically reduced, probably due to both bubble collapse cushioning and shock wave attenuation.     

轻质C5加氢工艺流程的模拟和优化

利用化工模拟软件Aspen P lus建立了轻质C5加氢的工艺流程模型,并对流程中的加氢单元进行了工艺优化。确定了较佳的工艺条件:反应器入口温度50℃、反应器出口温度110℃、反应压力1.6 MPa、循环比(循环稀释料与所处理原料的质量比)6、氢与油摩尔比1、液态空速6 h-1、反应冷却器出口温度10℃。在精馏塔的理论板数为25块、进料板位置为第13块塔板、操作压力0.6 MPa、回流比4的条件下,可以得到纯度大于99%的丁烷产品和纯度大于98%的戊烷产品。     

铟萃余液萃取锌试验研究

进行了铟萃余液经石灰中和后萃取锌的试验研究，锌萃取效率可以达到99％以上，锌萃取总回收率达90％以上，达到回收锌，氟、氯等杂质元素开路的目的，效果良好。