EPB盾构掘进机刀具运动学建模分析

EPB盾构掘进机的刀盘上可根据切削土质的软硬而选择安装硬岩刀具和软土刀具。通过运用空间几何理论以及空间运动学的坐标变换矩阵法对刀盘上安装的正滚刀、边滚刀以及切刀的破岩过程进行分析,得出了刀具破岩的运动规律,建立了刀具工作刀刃的破岩运动学模型。模型的建立有利于对刀具进行磨损和破岩机理以及刀具优化设计的研究。     

壁湍流周期性吹吸减阻的实验研究

为了研究局部周期性吹吸小扰动对湍流边界层的影响和湍流相干结构减阻控制机理,用实验方法研究了局部周期性吹吸小扰动与湍流边界层的相互作用.采用热线测速技术精细测量了施加吹扰动前后平板湍流边界层不同法向位置的流向、法向和展向速度分量的时间序列信号;通过测量扰动源下游近壁区域平均速度剖面的变化,发现在扰动下游一定空间范围内,粘性底层增厚和壁面减阻;通过对湍流度变化的分析,发现扰动影响猝发的发生;此外通过对展向平均涡量变化的分析发现,在扰动下游形成了2个定常的、强度相似的、大尺度的展向涡,它们起到流体滚动轴承的作用,减小了壁面摩擦阻力.     

三相流管道输送技术研究

通过模型试验的方法研究了管道输送加气减阻的机理,分析了影响减阻效果的因素,进行了延长排距的计算,利用模型试验研究的结果进行了实船试验。研究表明,在绞吸式挖泥船的排泥管中加入适当压力和一定体积分数的气体,可以降低管道输送阻力和延长排距。     

Experimental research on drag reduction by polymer additives in a turbulent pipe flow

In order to investigate the effects of injection position on drag reduction as well as further the effects of polymer additives on turbulent structures, LDA measurements of turbulent pipe flows were conducted. The results show that the amount of drag reduction grows with the increase of the Reynolds number, and injecting the polymer at the centre of pipe is more effective than at the wall. Due to the addition of polymer solution, the axial, radial r.m.s. velocity fluctuations and Reynolds stress decrease over the entire pipe cross‐section, the time auto‐correlation coefficients of axial and radial velocity fluctuation at the centre of pipe decay more slowly, the number of spectrum peaks is decreased, and the peak shifts towards lower wave numbers. The results also reveal that, due to the addition of polymer solution, the large‐scale vortices are enhanced and small‐scale vortices are suppressed.     

滩地刚性植物消浪作用特性研究

滩地植物有利于保障沿海地区的水安全,量化成熟期植物消浪作用是提升生态海岸韧性的基础。本文基于一般试验规律和两种波高消减模型,分析提出了新的滩地植物消浪系数计算方法,结合波高条件可计算林带消浪后波高,相关表达式由大量试验数据进行了验证,最后对比了由本文方法与规范方法计算的林带后波高。结果表明,阻尼因数及消浪系数能直观体现植物消浪作用特性,波浪传播方向上植物面积占横截面比例是影响植物消浪机理的关键无量纲参数。植物非淹没时,本文方法得到的林带后波高与规范方法接近;植物淹没时,本文方法能更准确描述植物消浪作用。相较于规范方法,本文方法考虑了植物淹没情况,直观揭示了林带密度、宽度、高度,植物平均直径,水深等参数的影响,适用于更多工况。基于植物消浪作用的模型可快速研判相关参数变化对植物消浪效果的影响,为生态海堤滩地刚性植物规划设计及数模研究提供科学和技术支撑。     

计及热辐射的电动汽车电池包散热与改进研究

为研究计入外部环境热辐射因素后,电池包的布置位置对整车气动阻力和其自身散热的影响,计及高温时地面辐射和太阳辐射,采用可实现k-着湍流模型进行了CFD 数值模拟,通过实车道路实验验证仿真方案的准确性。在此基础上,对电池包前置、中置和后置的整车气动阻力进行了对比分析,以整车气动阻力最小的前置式电动汽车为研究对象,通过电池包高温工况下的温度场数值分析,提出了该布置下的电池包散热改进方案。结果表明,前置式电池包改进后,单体电池表面最高温度降幅为14.5 益,表面最低温度降幅为11.5 益,抑制了温差过大,降低了局部高温,提高了电池包的散热性能。     

三角形微沟槽飞艇蒙皮表面的流场分析

微米尺度的沟槽是临近空间飞艇大面积减阻的一种可行的减阻形式．以临近空间飞艇减阻为研究背景,通过采用k-ω SST湍流模式,对微米尺度的三角形沟槽进行了流场分析,得到了三角形沟槽壁面流的速度场和压力场． 通过计算不同尺寸三角形微沟槽的减阻率和沟槽内的流线形状,分析了微米尺度沟槽的减阻机理和不同沟槽尺寸对减阻能力的影响．研究表明,沟槽内的流线形状对沟槽的减阻能力有重要影响,尺寸合适的沟槽可以减小流体和壁面之间的切应力,减小流动阻力,对临近空间飞艇的蒙皮设计和减阻研究提供了一定参考．     

Drag reduction of aqueous suspensions of fine solid matter in pipe flows

It is well known that drag reduction properties of polymer solutions in pipe flows are classified into two categories, based on the relationship between the friction factor and the Reynolds number. The degree of drag reduction either increases with an increase in the Reynolds number or is independent of the Reynolds number. In the latter case, the drag reduction behavior is referred to as type B behavior. In this study, the pressure losses of aqueous suspensions of biofibers and graphene oxide flat particles in pipe flows were measured to clarify the effect of the shape of suspended fine solid matter on the friction factor. The experimental results demonstrated that the behavior of the friction factor corresponded with the type B behavior of drag reduction. The mean velocity profile in the range of the turbulent flow was also estimated from the friction factor data.     

Studying Fluid Characteristics Atop Surface Patterned Membranes via Particle Image Velocimetry

Surface patterning is a recent promising approach to promote performance of pressure-driven membranes in water treatment and desalination. Nevertheless, knowledge about foulant deposition mechanisms, especially at early stage of filtration, is still lacking. The applicability of particle imaging velocimetry to study fluid characteristics atop surface patterned thin-film composite membranes was investigated at different operating conditions. This work is an important first step toward reliable understanding of the impacts of topographical membrane surface modification on hydrodynamic conditions and foulant deposition mechanisms.     

Fe—C—Mn—B合金奥氏体等温分解动力学及Mn的再分配

测定了不同含Mn量的Fe—C—Mn—B系合金的等温转变TTT曲线,结果表明,适量Mn加入Fe—C合金不但推迟转变,而且使TTT曲线形状发生较大改变而出现河湾形状。用能谱分析方法测定Mn在奥氏体、铁素体及相界处的分布规律表明,随转变温度的降低,Mn由再分配向无再分配转化,在其间存在一个温度范围、虽然无两相间的再分配,但在相界处有明显的Mn浓度峰,而且浓度峰最强的温度与TTT曲线上河湾温度相对应。说明TTT曲线形状的改变与合金元素再分配规律变化有关,河湾的出现归因于Mn在相界富集而产生的溶质拖曳与溶质类拖曳作用。