大型铸钢支承辊充型和凝固过程数值模拟

在应用ViewCast软件模拟实际铸钢支承辊的凝固过程时，发现原始工艺易导致缺陷残留在上下辊颈中。根据计算机模拟结果改进原工艺设计，调整模具壁厚，达到良好效果。通过对原工艺和改进工艺进行模拟对比。模拟结果显示改进工艺可以使辊身与下辊颈快速凝固，整个铸件顺序凝固，从而使缩孔、宏观偏析最重的位置集中在冒口部位。采用底注式切线型内浇道的浇注系统，金属液充型过程平稳。     

Machining characteristics and fracture morphologies in a copper-beryllium (Cu-2Be) alloy

The technology of materials removal is improved greatly by the introduction of advanced cutting tools like cubic boron nitride, ceramics, polycrystalline diamond and the more recent whisker-reinforced materials. In this paper, the influence of cutting temperature on machinability, mechanical properties, microstructure, and fracture morphology of Cu-2Be alloy using a polycrystalline diamond cutter is investigated. The information on machining, microstructure, and fracture morphology of Cu-2Be alloy are very useful to understand their fabrication characteristics and the basic mechanisms of its deformation and fracture. The machinability (in terms of surface finish) of Cu-2Be alloy is evaluated as a function of cutting temperature, resulting from wet and dry cutting. Machining is carried out on a Hardinge Cobra 42 CNC machine (Hardinge Inc., Elmira, NY), and the machining parameters used—cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate—are kept constant during both wet and dry cutting. The machined surface finish on Cu-2Be alloy is measured using a surface finish analyzer (Surftest 401, series 178) technique. The machined specimens are examined for their strength and hardness properties using a standard Universal Testing Machine and Rockwell hardness tester, respectively. Wet cutting (using coolants) produced a smooth surface finish when compared with dry cutting of the Cu-2Be alloy. The machined specimens are examined for their microstructural features using a Nikon optical microscope. The specimens are etched using a suitable etchant solution for revealing such microstructure constituents as grain size, phase proportions, and the possible overheated areas (especially in dry cutting). The fractured surfaces from the tensile and impact toughness tests are investigated for their fracture morphologies (dry and wet cutting) using a microprocessor-controlled scanning electron microscope (Jeol Model JSM 5910 LV). A detailed analysis is also made to understand and interpret the basic fracture mechanisms responsible for crack initiation and crack propagation. The Cu-2Be alloy showed relatively higher mechanical properties in wet cutting in comparison to dry cutting operations. Fracture studies demonstrated intergranular and ductile fractures as dominant modes of fracture mechanisms in Cu-2Be alloy.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金在真空中的干滑动磨损行为

在真空(10^-^5Pa)条件下对Ti-6Al-4V合金进行了系统的磨损性能测试，研究了载荷和滑动速度对Ti-6Al-4V合金磨损率的影响．对Ti-6Al-4V合金的磨损表面进行了显微组织分析．实验结果表明，Ti-6Al-4V合金的磨损率随载荷和滑动速度的升高而增加．磨损表面具有层状结构的舌状形貌特征，分析表明这是Ti-6Al-4V合金表面通过接触点处材料的被推挤和碾压过程形成了特殊的变形堆砌层的结果．显微组织分析显示，这种变形堆砌层具有50—100nm尺寸的细小显微组织结构和50mm以上的厚度．     

钒铁渣在七星水库面板加固中的应用

钒铁渣作为水泥基材料的掺和料,有明显的补偿收缩和提高抗裂性作用。单掺粉煤灰、复掺钒铁渣和粉煤灰混凝土的压拉强度比（抗压强度／劈拉强度）均高于纯水泥混凝土,尤其以复掺钒铁渣和粉煤灰混凝土更优。将其应用于混凝土面板中,能够抑制收缩,减少裂缝,提高混凝土结构的耐久性。     

Agro-ecosystem modeling can aid in the optimization of biomass feedstock supply

Recent European Directives promoted the development of biofuels, requesting mandatory limits to their emissions ot greenhouse gases (GHG). Second-generation biofuels based on lignocellulosic biomass are prime candidates but their GHG emissions are variable and uncertain. Agro-ecosystem modeling can capture them and the performance of biofuel feedstocks.This study aimed at optimizing feedstock supply for a bioethanol unit in France, from agricultural residues, annual and perennial crops. Their productivity and environmental impacts were modelled on a regional scale using geo-referenced data on soil properties, crop management, land-use and future weather data. Several supply scenarios were tested. Cereal straw was the most efficient feedstock but had a low availability, and only miscanthus could meet the bioethanol plant's demand. Sorghum combined poor yields and high GHG emissions compared by miscanthus and triticale. A mix of three biomass sources used less than 3% of the regional agricultural land while abating GHG emissions by 60%.     

新疆极端降水事件时空变化特征研究

基于新疆1960—2011年的日降水量数据,选取持续干燥指数、持续湿润指数、年总降水量、强降水天数、强降水量、1 d最大降水量、5 d最大降水量和普通日降水强度8个极端降水指标,采用线性倾向率、Mann-Kendall突变检验及主成分分析法研究新疆极端降水的时空分布特征及演变趋势。结果表明:时间变化上,新疆极端降水的持续湿润指数均呈上升趋势,持续干燥指数呈下降趋势,表明新疆降水量总体呈增加趋势;空间变化上,南疆、北疆极端降水指标的年际变化表现出明显差异,北疆湿润指数大、年际变化率大,南疆湿润指数小、年际变化率小;极端降水指标基本上在1986年、1987年发生突变,各指标突变前后的变化率存在明显差异;时间上的主成分分析表明降水量整体增加,干燥程度下降;空间上的主成分分析表明,北疆降水量多于南疆,南疆较北疆干旱。     

近60年来我国主要江河枯季径流变化及趋势分析

以我国主要江河的枯季径流系列为研究对象,分析了我国主要江河1950～2008年枯季径流系列变化过程,对比分析了1980年前后两段时期枯季径流的变化,揭示我国主要江河近60年来水文情势变化及趋势,反映枯季径流对全球气候变化的响应.     

三峡水库蓄水期城陵矶与长沙站水位关系分析

为了解三峡水库蓄水期间城陵矶与长沙水位的关系,通过建立洞庭湖城陵矶站不同水位与湘江长沙站水位流量相关关系,分析城陵矶站对长沙水位的影响.根据MIKE11水动力学模型,分析计算枯水期长江干流宜昌站、湘江湘潭站不同来水条件下城陵矶、长沙水位及其相关关系,进而分析了三峡水库蓄水期不同因素对长沙站水位的影响情况,认为在2008...     

环境温度对聚乙烯给水管道应用的影响分析与建议

通过一个案例,实测埋地聚乙烯管段的纵向伸缩量的变化与管道附近的温度变化。根据试验的年周期数据,对各测点的相关关系以及变化规律进行分析,研究环境温度的主要影响因素以及纵向回缩的位移量。由此建议埋地聚乙烯管道工程技术中应采取释放管道纵向回缩量的方法或者采用约束管道纵向回缩应力的方式来避免聚乙烯管道因纵向回缩引发的接口脱落事故,进一步完善和优化聚乙烯给水管道的设计、施工方案。     

A new optical elasticity resin for mobile LCD modules

Abstract— The display used in current cell phones has an air gap between the cover glass and the liquid‐crystal‐display (LCD) module to prevent the LCD glass from being damaged. Reflections at the boundaries of the air gap cause a reduction in the LCD luminance and contrast. To address this problem, a newly proposed LCD structure has been investigated. The “Super View Resin (SVR),” a transparent elastic resin which improves the shock resistance and visibility of the LCD, has been developed. Filling the air gap between the cover glass and LCD module with a refractive‐index‐matching resin solves the light‐reflection problem inherent in the use of a reinforced cover‐glass lens. Moreover, the elastic filler works as a damper, reducing any external shock, which prevents not only the cover glass and LCD module from being damaged, but also the glass from being shattered when it is broken.