Low temperature‐coefficient for solar cells processed from solar‐grade silicon purified by metallurgical route

This study is dedicated to the temperature (T)‐variation of the photovoltaic performances of solar cells made from solar‐grade silicon directly purified by metallurgical route (SoG_M‐Si). Experimental results were systematically compared with those for standard electronic‐grade silicon (EG‐Si) solar cells. We showed that the conversion efficiency (η) of SoG_M‐Si cells decreases much less when T increases than the η of EG‐Si cells. This major difference is due to a strong increase with T of the short‐circuit current density (J_sc) of the SoG_M‐Si solar cells. We showed that this a priori unexpected result could be described and explained by numerical simulations, by taking into account the main particularities of SoG_M‐Si: dopant compensation, moderate minority carrier diffusion length and larger amount of boron–oxygen complexes. These results are significant since T of a solar module under illumination being generally higher than 25°C, modules made from low‐cost SoG_M‐Si cells should have performances closer to those of standard EG‐Si solar panels. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FDTD法分析高速集成电路芯片内互连线

本文首次利用时域有限差分(FDTD)法分析了高速集成电路芯片内半导体基片上的有耗互连传输线的电特性.文中提出了有耗吸收边界条件,推导了不同媒质交界面上的边界条件通用格式.在FDTD分析的基础上,得到传输线各种参数的频变特性,为芯片内电路模拟提供了可靠的参数.     

85Rb原子偏振光谱线稳频钛宝石激光器

本文采用铷原子偏振光谱线作为鉴频线,使钛宝石激光器输出频率稳定在其上,有效地抑制了温漂造成的频率漂移。同饱和吸收谱的方法比较,具有灵敏度高、响应速度快,反馈电路简单实用等优点。     

基于调幅—线性调频信号参数估计的机动目标成像方法

逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）机动目标成像受到了研究者的广泛重视。在已有的机动目标成像算法中,通常假设在综合孔径处理期间,各距离单元内各散射回波是等幅线性调频信号。在实际中,以上假设仅是近似成立,基于此假设的机动成像算法难以得到较高质量的目标图像。本文采用更精确的信号模型－多分量调幅－线性调频（AM－LFM）信号表示实际机动目标的各距离单元回波,并提出一种AM－LFM信号参数估计方法以及快速算法,通过估计信号的时变振幅、调频率和初相等参数,得到了更高质量的机动目标的动态ISAR像序列,以利于目标识别,而且运算量比已有算法要小。     

All‐Carbon Nanotube‐Based Flexible Field‐Emission Devices: From Cathode to Anode

The fabrication of a flexible field‐emission device (FED) using single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) network films as the conducting electrodes (anode and cathode) and thin multi‐walled CNT/TEOS hybrid films as the emitters is reported. P‐type doping with gold ions and passivation with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) made the SWNT network film highly conductive and environmentally stable, and hence a good alternative to conventional indium tin oxide electrodes. CNT/TEOS hybrid emitters showed high current density, low turn‐on field, and long‐term emission stability, compared with CNT emitters; these characteristics can be attributed to the TEOS sol, acting both as a protective layer surrounding the nanotube tip, and as an adhesive layer enhancing the nanotube adhesion to the substrate. All‐CNT‐based flexible FEDs fabricated by this approach showed high flexibility in field emission characteristics and extremely bright electron emission patterns.     

基于神经网络的非线性预测在恒温系统中的应用

针对恒温系统的非线性、大延时等特点,提出了基于RBF神经网络的恒温系统的预测模型,采用非线性预测控制、引入模型误差项和改进后的PI控制器,并且在Matlab7.2/Simulink这个平台下构建了整个系统的仿真模型。仿真结果表明：所建立的模型系统具有良好的动静态性能且增强了系统的抗干扰性。     

高精度PWM输出的温度传感器MAX6666/6667的特性及应用

介绍了MAXIM公司研制的新型高精度PWM输出温度传感器MAX6666/6667的主要性能及其典型应用电路。     

基于第三方控件动态报表打印控件的设计与实现

传统的报表打印功能在系统开发时就已定制好，不同系统不能共享报表的设计。本文从面向对象的角度出发，将报表划分成五个部分，并对报表建模，然后利用ActiveX控件技术把对象模型实现为动态报表打印控件。只需在系统设计阶段引用控件，并通过可视化的界面简单地把数据源绑定到控件上，就可快速设计出用于打印的报表，从而达到报表设计复用的目的，同时也能提高系统的开发速度。     

衬底温度对ZnO薄膜氧缺陷的影响

采用射频磁控溅射在石英玻璃和单晶硅Si(100)衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜，研究了衬底温度对ZnO薄膜中氧缺陷的影响。实验发现，ZnO薄膜c轴取向性随温度的升高而增强；当衬底温度达到550。C时，XRD谱上仅出现一个强的(002)衍射峰和一个弱的(004)衍射峰，显示ZnO具有优异c轴取向性。同时，随着温度的升高，ZnO薄膜的紫外透射截止边带向高波长方向漂移，其电导率也随衬底温度的升高逐渐增大，表明薄膜中的氧缺陷逐渐增多。这种氧缺陷是由于ZnO的氧平衡分压高于Zn所致，可通过提高溅射气体中氧含量来改善。     

Design of Engineered Elastomeric Substrate for Stretchable Active Devices and Sensors

In the field of flexible electronics, emerging applications require biocompatible and unobtrusive devices, which can withstand different modes of mechanical deformation and achieve low complexity in the fabrication process. Here, the fabrication of a mesa‐shaped elastomeric substrate, supporting thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and logic circuits (inverters), is reported. High‐relief structures are designed to minimize the strain experienced by the electronics, which are fabricated directly on the pillars' surface. In this design configuration, devices based on amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide can withstand different modes of deformation. Bending, stretching, and twisting experiments up to 6 mm radius, 20% uniaxial strain, and 180° global twisting, respectively, are performed to show stable electrical performance of the TFTs. Similarly, a fully integrated digital inverter is tested while stretched up to 20% elongation. As a proof of the versatility of mesa‐shaped geometry, a biocompatible and stretchable sensor for temperature mapping is also realized. Using pectin, which is a temperature‐sensitive material present in plant cells, the response of the sensor shows current modulation from 13 to 28 °C and functionality up to 15% strain. These results demonstrate the performance of highly flexible electronics for a broad variety of applications, including smart skin and health monitoring.