输电损耗的分摊原则

在分析现有输电网损耗分配方法的基础上，针对损耗分配中的主要问题，从公平公正、快速高效、收支平衡、过程透明、经济信号、潮流基础和网络拓扑几个方面，分析并提出了输电损耗分配应该满足的主要原则，为进一步研究输电损耗的公正有效分配方法奠定了基础。     

激励性机制下输配电价格管制的定价模型

由于输配电领域属于垄断经营,输配电企业具有操纵电价的市场力,政府应对其进行严格的价格管制。政府制定公共管制价格应以受管制企业的成本为依据的,这就要求输配电企业的成本必须具有透明度和公开度,但理性的企业不会主动揭示自己的真实成本,这种信息不对称性会影响管制者的决策。从激励性机制设计的角度出发,通过建立实现社会福利最大化并满足输配电企业参与约束和相容约束的激励机制模型,这个模型能诱导输配电企业显示真实成本并能指导管制者对输配电企业实施价格监管和制定管制价格。     

基于VB6.0的电能结算系统软件开发

从影响电能结算的几个因素入手,简明阐述了开发电能结算系统需注意的几个问题。通过借鉴国外经验并结合我国实际,对电能结算系统的模型进行了有利于实现的简化。最后结合当今流行的Internet、In tranet、Web技术、网络数据库技术,详细阐述了使用VisualBasic6.0开发电能结算系统的整个过程,对广大电力系统软件开发人员有一定的借鉴作用。     

智能电加热温控仪的设计制作及应用

设计制作了智能型电加热温控仪,并在化工生产和实验中进行了温控实验,同时又有多台用于实际生产。结果表明,程序控制技术较好地解决设定值的工艺曲线控制问题,它适用于要求多变的间歇过程的多处方柔性控制。智能控制方法具有准确、灵敏、可靠、适用范围宽等优点,它的控制误差不超过±1℃,各项性能指标均优于常规控制方法。智能温控仪的使用,不仅提高了控制的精度,而且大大节省了人力、物力、财力,具有重要的推广应用价值。     

基于模糊综合评价的交易结算偏差电量处理方法

随着电力市场改革不断深化,市场化电力交易愈加复杂,交易结算偏差电量需要更加规范化的处置,因此,提出了一种基于模糊综合评价理论的偏差电量处理方法。该方法基于模糊综合评价方法,综合考虑每笔交易的交易类型、交易周期、交易电量和交易电价4项重要指标,依托业务人员工作经验运用层次分析法设定各项指标权重及交易类型和交易周期隶属度函数,最终确定每笔交易的综合评价得分,以得分为依据分摊偏差电量。最后通过算例分析验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

“车-站-网”多元需求下的电动汽车快速充电引导策略

提出一种面向电动汽车(车)、快速充电站(站)、配电网(网)多元需求的电动汽车快速充电引导策略。首先介绍了“车-站-网”协同模式下充电引导架构,并基于起讫点分析得出的快充需求分布结果,提出一种双层队列模型模拟快速充电站动态队列。然后,根据动态队列和节点电压约束下配电网快充负荷接纳能力,采用动态电价需求函数建立充电电价模型,以用户充电成本最小为目标引导用户选择快速充电站。最后,以某市部分主城区为例,对1 000辆具有快充需求的电动汽车在不同参与度下进行仿真。结果表明,所提充电引导策略能够在节约用户充电成本的同时,提高快速充电站的运营效率,保证配电网的运行安全。     

Renewable generation versus demand-side management. A comparison for the Spanish market

Conventionally the required instantaneous balance generation-load is achieved by adjusting production to fit variable consumer demand. Nowadays, a significant and increasing segment of generation is renewable. But renewable production cannot be scheduled on request since its generation is dependent on nature (wind, sun, …). In this context, demand-side management (DSM) would help since it would be advisable for part of the flexibility to be provided by the demand.The integration of renewable production and demand-side management (DSM), are compared in this work for Spain throughout 2008–2014. First a qualitative model, based on the linearization of the wholesale market, is employed to explore some hypotheses. A set of scenarios are then examined to quantify the main effects on the market.The results show that DSM exhibits the best performance in terms of economic efficiency and environmental sustainability, as well as for the reduction of load peaks and losses in the system, what suggests the convenience of promoting plans for the replacement of equipment with other more efficient as well as the implementation of real-time tariffs.     

Key challenges to expanding renewable energy

The key advantage of renewables is that they are free of direct pollution and carbon emissions. Given concern over global warming caused by carbon emissions, there are substantial policy efforts to increase renewable penetrations. The purpose of this paper is to outline and evaluate the challenges presented by increasing penetrations of renewable electricity generation. These generation sources primarily include solar and wind which are growing rapidly and are new enough to the grid that the impact of high penetrations is not fully understood. The intrinsic nature of solar and wind power is very likely to present greater system challenges than “conventional” sources. Within limits, those challenges can be overcome, but at a cost. Later sections of the paper will draw on a variety of sources to identify a range of such costs, at least as they are foreseen by researchers helping prepare ambitious plans for grids to obtain high shares (30–50%) of their megawatt hours from primarily solar and wind generation. Energy poverty issues are outlined and related to renewable costs issues.     

Relative deprivation and energy poverty: when does unequal access to electricity cause dissatisfaction?

In the least developed countries, unequal access to infrastructure is a major form of inequality. We examine the conditions under which unequal electricity access causes dissatisfaction. The question is important because grievances could prompt demands for policy change. We argue that feelings of relative deprivation both cause dissatisfaction and create hope for improvement. Empirically, we analyze household survey data from five East African countries. All else constant, households living close to a power line are less satisfied with their lighting solution but also have more hope for improvement. Because household lighting is the most important use for electricity in a poor household, this supports the relative deprivation hypothesis. Households that are reminded of their deprivation by the power line are both less satisfied and believe something can be done to solve the problem. To inform policy, we also show that the proximity of a power line decreases the household's interest in solar home systems as an alternative to grid electrification, whereas valuation for solar lanterns seems to be increasing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.