Modulating protein adsorption onto hydroxyapatite particles using different amino acid treatments

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a material of choice for bone grafts owing to its chemical and structural similarities to the mineral phase of hard tissues. The combination of osteogenic proteins with HA materials that carry and deliver the proteins to the bone-defective areas will accelerate bone regeneration. The study investigated the treatment of HA particles with different amino acids such as serine (Ser), asparagine (Asn), aspartic acid (Asp) and arginine (Arg) to enhance the adsorption ability of HA carrier for delivering therapeutic proteins to the body. The crystallinity of HA reduced when amino acids were added during HA preparation. Depending on the types of amino acid, the specific surface area of the amino acid-functionalized HA particles varied from 105 to 149 m² g^–1. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins for adsorption study. The protein adsorption onto the surface of amino acid-functionalized HA depended on the polarities of HA particles, whereby, compared with lysozyme, BSA demonstrated higher affinity towards positively charged Arg-HA. Alternatively, the binding affinity of lysozyme onto the negatively charged Asp-HA was higher when compared with BSA. The BSA and lysozyme adsorptions onto the amino acid-functionalized HA fitted better into the Freundlich than Langmuir model. The amino acid-functionalized HA particles that had higher protein adsorption demonstrated a lower protein-release rate.     

Theory of electrostatics and electrokinetics of soft particles

We investigate theoretically the electrostatics and electrokinetics of a soft particle, i.e. a hard particle covered with an ion-penetrable surface layer of polyelectrolytes. The electric properties of soft particles in an electrolyte solution, which differ from those of hard particles, are essentially determined by the Donnan potential in the surface layer. In particular, the Donnan potential plays an essential role in the electrostatics and electrokinetics of soft particles. Furthermore, the concept of zeta potential, which is important in the electrokinetics of hard particles, loses its physical meaning in the electrokinetics of soft particles. In this review, we discuss the potential distribution around a soft particle, the electrostatic interaction between two soft particles, and the motion of a soft particle in an electric field.     

二维寄生电容参数的对偶离散几何法提取

寄生电容参数提取是集成电路领域的关键课题,也是典型的静电场问题之一。通过研究电磁场对偶离散几何法, 探讨在二维非结构化网格离散空间上相应的寄生电容提取算法, 其中重点考察其对偶特性以及能量互补特性。基于该特性,同时采用对偶的两种方法能够有效地消除网格离散带来的误差,比采用单一方法更快地逼近真实解,从而可发展出静电场能量快速算法。并从理论与实例两方面将其与对偶有限元法实施分析对比。离散几何法采用对偶两套网格上的标量电势作为未知量,具有简单的形式与良好的精度,有望成为相关领域的一种主流方法。     

高压直流GIL中盆式绝缘子表面电荷积聚与消散的实验研究

研究直流电压下绝缘子表面电荷积聚及其抑制措施,是开发直流气体绝缘管道输电线路(GIL)的一项关键技术。因此建立了一套盆式绝缘子表面电荷测量系统,采用静电探头法,在空气中对施加了直流电压后的环氧树脂盆式绝缘子进行了表面电位的测量,研究了不同极性、不同幅值电压以及极性反转情况下表面电荷的积聚现象,并对表面电荷的消散进行了测量。实验结果表明:绝缘子表面电荷分布与所施电压极性密切相关;在0.5 MPa空气中,随着施加电压幅值(+40~+70 kV)增加,绝缘子表面电荷急剧增加(负电位最大处从-200 V增加到-3 000 V);在0.5 MPa空气中,先后施加+70 kV及-40 kV电压,绝缘子局部表面电荷激增现象明显(正电位最大处由500 V增大到超过2 500 V);在0.1 MPa空气中施加+40 kV电压,在0~300 min内,绝缘子表面电荷消散近似指数衰减过程,时间常数约为104 s数量级。     

Analysis and design of a MEMS DC/DC converter

This paper presents the analysis and simulation of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) DC/DC converter based on vibration‐to‐electric energy conversion. The device transfers and accumulates the mechanical energy from ambient vibration via a variable capacitor. After the key parameters of the device are carefully discussed, the dynamics analysis is given based on the differential equation of the system. The approach provided in this paper is very helpful in designing and essentially understanding the MEMS DC/DC converter with high performance. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

静电传感器对滑油系统磨粒 电量测量方法研究

根据静电感应原理,磨粒出现在空间不同位置时,静电传感器电极感应到的电荷量相差很大,由于磨粒出现的位置是未知的,因此很难精确测量磨粒的带电量。借助数学模型,对传感器输出信号与磨粒的关系进行仿真分析。由仿真结果可知,信号的幅值与磨粒携带的电荷量以及磨粒在传感器中所处的径向位置有关;而在已知管道中滑油流速分布的情况下,脉冲宽度只与径向位置有关。提出了通过脉冲宽度确定磨粒所处的径向位置,根据传感器在该径向位置处的灵敏度获得比较准确的磨粒带电量的测量方法。通过带电油滴模拟磨粒,对该方法进行实验验证,实验结果与仿真分析结果基本重合,该方法的测量结果与通过静电计测得的结果相比,误差不超过5%。     

光固化复合电泳涂层材料的制备及其传感性能

目的 研究电泳沉积条件及光交联对氧化石墨烯与胶束共沉积制备的生物传感涂层形貌、性能的影响。方法 首先通过光敏单体甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）改性生物大分子γ-聚谷氨酸制备可光交联的大分子γ-PGA-HEMA。然后,将光敏大分子与辣根过氧化酶（HRP）在溶液中静电自组装制备功能性纳米粒子溶液,利用纳米粒度分析仪、透射电子显微镜（TEM）对纳米粒子的粒径和形貌进行表征。随后,诱导复合纳米组装体与前驱体氧化石墨烯（GO）共组装制备多组分复合沉积液。最后,在上述复合沉积液的基础上进行电化学还原GO,控制不同沉积条件,通过电泳沉积法在玻碳电极表面制备具有特异性识别功能的生物传感涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、电化学工作站等研究了电泳沉积条件及光交联对涂层形貌及性能的影响。结果 当沉积电压为1.5 V,沉积时间为120 s,GO质量浓度为0.1 mg/mL时,电泳沉积制备的涂层表面光滑,具有较好的致密性和均一性。光交联后,涂层的致密性和稳定性进一步提高,此时该涂层对过氧化氢（H2O2）具有良好的电流响应。结论 电泳沉积复合共组装胶束制备光交联涂层过程中,沉积时间、沉积电压、GO含量均存在最优值,最优值下制备的涂层结构完整,致密性最好。光交联可进一步提高涂层的稳定性,生物传感性能最好。     

金昌冶炼厂奥炉改造项目试生产实践

金昌冶炼厂奥炉改造项目2018年建成点火烘炉。针对该项目在试生产过程中陆续出现的一些问题,逐一对备料料仓、导料装置、奥炉送风机、奥炉喷枪、铜渣排放通道、贫化电炉绝缘装置、水淬系统、电收尘系统等设备系统提出优化改造措施。经过改造和对生产控制参数的调整,目前奥炉喷枪平均寿命在30 d以上,奥炉作业率99%以上。     

选煤厂荷电水雾除尘系统数学模型的研究

在荷电水雾理论的基础上,结合选煤厂粉尘污染的实际情况,在粉尘产生源头-给煤机处进行除尘系统设计,建立选煤厂荷电水雾除尘系统的数学模型。该数学模型综合考虑了雾滴直径、粉尘直径、雾滴荷质比对除尘效率的影响,通过对该数学模型的优化求解可以进行选煤厂除尘系统的最优设计。     

含砷金铜矿熔炼电尘灰酸性氧化浸出工艺研究

含砷金铜精矿火法熔炼电尘灰是铜冶炼熔炼车间产出的中间产物,成分复杂,较难处理,属于典型危废。以山东某冶炼公司含砷金铜矿熔炼产出的中间产物电尘灰为原料,采用双氧水为氧化剂进行酸性氧化浸出,最佳浸出工艺条件为：双氧水用量120 kg/t、酸性氧化浸出时间2 h、浸出温度80 ℃、酸度60 g/L,铜和砷的浸出率分别达到92.30%、87.50%以上。为铜冶炼企业湿法处理电尘灰提供了一条新途径。