考虑碳排放权交易的短期节能调度

针对如何降低火电系统CO2排放量问题,简要介绍了碳排放权交易的理论,提出在电力系统短期调度中引进碳排放权交易机制,以进行总量控制,逐渐减小CO2排放量。在电力市场条件下,分别以CO2排放最小、火电厂收益最大和电网购电费用最小为目标建立优化数学模型。采用水电调峰法对改进的IEEE14节点系统算例进行分析,验证所建立的模型的合理性。结果表明,目前在我国以火电为主系统中考虑碳排放权交易,可以降低火电的减排成本,有利于控制总体排放水平。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定童鞋中重金属铬的含量

研究微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定童鞋中铬含量的仪器参数条件。采用压力消解罐消解对样品进行预处理,然后用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对样品中铬含量进行测定。在所选择的最佳仪器条件下,方法的线性良好,在线性范围0~0.500mg/L内,相关系数达0.9999,测试样品的准确度和精密度也符合要求。用微波消解进行皮革产品的预处理,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定操作简便快捷,结果准确可靠,是适合检验检测行业的一种新型、快速的检测手段。     

Review: Investigation of Partially Pre-mixed Charge Ignitions (PPCI) Engine Mode

This paper embraces the key points of unpolluted internally combusted engine emissions. Core objective is focused on the recent effort to improve compression ignition(CI) and spark ignition(SI) engine to have fuel-efficient and minimized pollutant emissions. There are many advanced internal combustion engines to overcome the challenges of conventional compression ignition engines of the high level of particulate matter(PM) and oxides of nitrogen emission. One of the latest options on which many ...     

不同产地皱盖疣柄牛肝菌中矿质元素 含量测定及特征分析

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定5 个产地皱盖疣柄牛肝菌中10 种矿质元素含量,并用SPSS软件进行方差分析和主成分分析。结果显示：该方法标准物质（GBW 07605）回收率在91%～101%之间,检出限在0.000 1～0.616 5 mg/kg范围,表明该方法准确、可靠;皱盖疣柄牛肝菌中Mg、Cu、Ca、Na、Zn等矿质元素的含量较高,不同产地皱盖疣柄牛肝菌中矿质元素含量具有差异;主成分分析的前3 个主成分累积贡献率达到87.87%,能表达大部分信息,主成分综合得分可以反映出不同产地皱盖疣柄牛肝菌对10 种矿质元素的富集情况。     

无水丙二醇冷却液对柴油机性能影响的试验

基于AVL台架搭建柴油机性能测试系统,进行乙二醇(EGC)冷却液、无水丙二醇(PGC)冷却液的试验研究.结果表明:当台架冷却水箱循环温度设定为80℃时,柴油机使用PGC冷却液比使用EGC冷却液的出口温度有所降低,润滑油温度平均上升5℃左右;当台架冷却水箱循环温度设定为95℃时,使用PGC冷却液的出口温度和润滑油温度与使...     

Adhesion Science and Surface Analysis. Typical Examples

A number of surface modification methods using mechanical, chemical, electrochemical or physical processes have commonly been employed to treat adherend surfaces and improve adhesion in various bi- or multi-layered systems which play a key role in many advanced technologies. Results reported in this review paper deal more particularly with components of polymer-metal systems and provide typical examples of surface analysis obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), ion scattering spectrometry (ISS), low-energy electron induced x-ray spectrometry (LEEIXS), optically stimulated electron emission (OSEE) and Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry (FTIR). These examples concern, on the one hand, metallic adherends (aluminum, stainless steel, zinc-coated steel, gold) the surfaces of which were modified by cleaning, etching, oxidation, conversion or chemical grafting and, on the other hand, bonded joints (polyester-steel and epoxy-aluminum systems) which were delaminated using a peel test and a three-point flexure test, respectively.     

Time dependent growth of ZnO nanoflowers with enhanced field emission properties

Herein, we report the facile growth of ZnO nanoflowers composed of nanorods on silicon substrate by non-catalytic thermal evaporation process. The grown nanoflowers were examined in terms of their morphological, structural, optical and field emission properties. The detailed characterizations revealed that the nanoflowers are grown in high density, possessing well-crystallinity and exhibiting wurtzite hexagonal phase. The Raman-scattering spectrum shows a sharp optical-phonon E₂ mode at 437 cm⁻¹ which confirmed the wurtzite hexagonal phase for the grown nanoflowers. The room-temperature PL spectrum depict a strong ultraviolet emission at 381 nm, revealed good optical properties for the ZnO nanoflowers. The field emission studies revealed that a turn-on field for the ZnO nanoflowers based field emission device was 4.3 V/μm and the emission current density reached to 0.075 mA/cm² at an applied electric field of 7.2 V/μm and exhibit no saturation. The field enhancement factor ‘β’ for the fabricated device was estimated from the F-N plot and found to be ~2.75×10³. Finally, systematic time-dependent experiments were performed to determine the growth process for the formation of ZnO nanoflowers composed of nanorods.     

中国原油进口影响因素的探讨

为更好地了解我国原油进口形势,促进石油行业稳健发展,我们对影响我国原油进口的主要因素进行探讨。通过举例分析我国进口原油现状,总结得到我国原油进口的主要影响因素如下:国内原油供需关系从根本上影响原油进口数量的变化,我国国家政策是指引原油进口的重要因素,而原油运输与原油进口数量和安全性直接相关,同时,国际原油价格对原油进口的来源,种类和数量有一定影响。     

煤分级炼制清洁燃料系统研究

为了实现碎煤分质清洁高效利用,提出一种煤分级炼制清洁燃料系统。该系统以廉价丰富的碎煤为原料,利用固体热载体回转窑热解技术,将碎煤转化为半焦、焦油和煤气等中间产物,然后经煤气变换、深冷分离、焦油加氢、半焦成型等加工过程,最终生产出石脑油、柴油、液化天然气、洁净煤等清洁燃料产品。以年处理1000万t神东长焰碎煤(25 mm)系统为例进行模拟计算。结果表明:系统每年可生产约618.0万t洁净煤、61.4万t油品和46.0万t液化天然气,原煤增值约3.6倍。通过系统集成与优化,该系统年耗水仅约310万t,能效达到75%以上,废水废固近零排放。在当前市场价格情况下,该系统总投资约125.0亿元,年销售收入约94.1亿元,年创造利税约21.4亿元。投资回收期4~5 a(不含建设期),经济效益显著。     

高效水煤浆制浆燃烧集成技术研制与应用

为促进煤炭的清洁高效利用,株洲市蓝宇热能科技研制有限公司依托子母炉层-悬浮燃烧水煤浆锅炉,集成膜分离、功率超声处理与高效机械离心分离等绿色低碳技术,构建了新型高效生物质水煤浆制浆燃烧系统。该系统由有机废液的高效预处理模块、污泥的高效预处理模块、生物质水煤浆制浆模块、生物质水煤浆燃烧模块和净化水生化处理模块5个模块组成。高效水煤浆制浆燃烧集成技术已有多项工程应用实例,结果证明:该技术能有效降低有害气体的排放,同时实现污泥、有机废液的能源、资源化利用。