寻找索赔机会 实现索赔创效

以具体工程为例,介绍了施工企业通过合理索赔增加收益的经验,从优化合同条款,利用政策法规,结算中强化补差索赔三方面进行了阐述,总结了索赔工作的成功运作要点。     

国际建筑生命周期能耗和CO2排放比较研究

目前生命周期分析在建筑能耗和碳排放研究方面已经成为一种重要的研究工具和途径.本文主要对国际建筑生命周期研究进行了比较详细的讨论,对97个典型案例的计算模型和能耗、碳排放数据进行了深入分析和总结.可以看出,在不同研究中,对于建筑生命周期模型的建立存在较大的差异,阶段划分以及数据来源也不统一,导致不同研究中各案例的能耗和碳排放结果存在不同程度的差异,缺乏可比性.通过对国际相关研究的对比分析,可为国内建筑生命周期能耗和碳排放评价提供借鉴和指导.     

建设工程施工碳排放定额估算方法及应用展望

建设工程施工过程的碳排放计算非常复杂。根据建设工程概预算定额和相关消耗定额进行估算,构建基于碳源消耗量和碳排放因子的建设工程施工碳排放定额估算方法,并提出优化节能减排施工方案、预报施工碳排放、构建建设工程施工碳排放交易机制、定量化评价绿色建筑与施工等应用方向。     

A neural network model for the prediction of compression ignition engine performance at different injection timings

Rapid depletion of fossil fuel and continuous increase in gasoline prices have stimulated the search of alternative fuels. This paper deals with the prediction of engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics of compression ignition engine fuelled with fish oil biodiesel using artificial neural network (ANN). Experimental investigations are carried out in a single cylinder constant speed direct injection diesel engine under variable load conditions at different injection timings?21⁰, 24⁰ and 27⁰ bTDC. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics are measured using an exhaust gas analyser, smoke meter, piezoelectric pressure transducer and crank angle encoder for different fuel blends and engine load conditions. For training the neural network, feed-forward back propagation algorithm is used. The developed ANN model predicts the performance, combustions and exhaust emissions with a correlation coefficients (R) of 0.97–0.99 and a mean relative error of 0.62–4.826%. The root mean square errors are found to be low. The developed model has found to predict accurately the engine performance, combustion and emission parameters at different injection timings.     

Carbon dioxide emission and its regulation at land–water interface downstream of a point source at Ganga River (India)

The streams and rivers are considered hotspots of CO₂ exchange; and representative direct CO₂ emission measurements are essential for a correct regional estimate. We measured CO₂ emission flux at 15 sites at land–water interface downstream of a point source during low flow for three consecutive months for the year 2017. The general range of CO₂ efflux observed here was close to the results of regional studies, although values near the point source were disproportionately high (>350 mg/m²/h). CO₂ emission flux showed strong dependence on total organic carbon (TOC; R² = 0.96; P < 0.001), (R² = 0.88; P < 0.001), soluble reactive‐P (SRP; R² = 0.91; P < 0.001) and microbial activity measured in terms of fluorescein diacetate activity (FDAase; R² = 0.92; P < 0.001) and substrate induced respiration (SIR; R² = 0.96; P < 0.001). Because point source‐associated interfaces provide heterogeneous habitats, our study suggests the need for large scale monitoring of CO₂ emission at land–water interface of major rivers for more correctly presenting the regional scale CO₂ budget.     

新加坡公共住房政策可以移植到中国吗?——以广州为例

如何解决中低收入群体的住房问题是世界各国政府共同面对的难题。新加坡建立了世界上覆盖面最广的公共住房制度,为世人所瞩目。然而,新加坡成功的住房政策能否移植到正处于转型期且大规模建设保障性住房的中国?如果可以,能在多大程度上移植?首先,基于分析新加坡住房政策取得的成绩,通过从宏观和中观两个尺度分析其政策环境的可移植性以评价其住房政策的可移植性。然后,从管治结构、金融政策、土地征用政策三个方面来讨论"政策引进"城市——广州在多大程度上可以移植新加坡的公共住房政策。认为新加坡的公共住房政策将实现全民"居者有其屋"作为首要目标,是特定历史时期、特定城市国家的独特产物;政策的成功归因于建屋发展局的独特管治结构、中央公积金机制的有效运作以及土地征用法强有力的落实等的共同作用。由于政策目标和政策环境存在巨大的差异,新加坡的公共住房政策只能部分移植到广州。     

上海大都市地区空间结构优化的政策路径探析——基于人口分布情景的分析方法

通过分析人口分布和城市空间结构以及城市空间政策之间的关系,从人口分布视角探讨大都市地区空间结构优化的路径.人口持续向中心城和边缘地区集聚,新城发展缓慢,是上海上一轮总体规划实施以来表现出的突出矛盾.面对人口进一步增长趋势,如何有效促进新城发展、缓解中心城增长压力,是"上海2040"空间战略研究迫切需要关注的重要课题.围绕人口分布优化的空间政策研究是上海空间结构调整的关键,通过模拟"上海2040"边缘承载、廊道承载和新城承载三种人口分布情景,分析产业结构和布局调整、轨道交通建设、住房供给和公共服务设施配置等空间政策的适应性,并从构建人口分布的目标导向、时间维度的行动框架、差异化的分区引导、空间政策聚焦与协同、阶段评估与动态应对五个方面,探讨上海城市空间结构优化的思路.     

地下道路污染物对流扩散反问题伴随同化研究

在反问题框架内,基于偏微分方程最优化控制理论的伴随同化方法,建立了融合动力模型和观测信息的地下公路隧道污染物对流扩散反问题的计算模型,并给出了模型求解方法。以对流扩散方程中的源项为例进行了反演计算,并利用反演计算出的源项对污染物浓度进行了预测。研究表明,与传统的正问题模型相比,反问题模型反演计算得到的源项可以动态地反映隧道内车流量、车速、排放特性等因素的综合影响,并且计算得到的污染物浓度场精度更高。应用该方法,通过有效的对各类污染物观测资料进行客观利用,可以识别一些不确定参数,从而更好地实现对污染物浓度分布的分析与预测。     

Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from municipal wastewater treatment systems in India

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated from municipal wastewater treatment plants in India is estimated in this study. The emissions from the wastewater treatment process as well as from the electricity used during the treatment process are estimated by using the methodology of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The present treatment plants of capacity 15 997 million litres per day (MLD) contributes towards GHG emissions of 7.3 Mt of CO₂‐eq/year. The future GHG emissions would depend upon the treatment technology used for treating 34 109 MLD of untreated wastewater. The highest GHG emissions would occur if all new wastewater treatment plants are based on upflow anaerobic sludge blanket technology, 19.66 Mt CO₂‐eq/year and lowest if sequential batch reactor technology is adopted, 2.93 MtCO₂‐eq/year.     

The Role of Smart City Characteristics in the Plans of Fifteen Cities

This paper identifies the characteristics of smart cities as they emerge from the recent literature. It then examines whether and in what way these characteristics are present in the smart city plans of 15 cities: Amsterdam, Barcelona, London, PlanIT Valley, Stockholm, Cyberjaya, Singapore, King Abdullah Economic City, Masdar, Skolkovo, Songdo, Chicago, New York, Rio de Janeiro, and Konza. The results are presented with respect to each smart city characteristic. As expected, most strategies emphasize the role of information and communication technologies in improving the functionality of urban systems and advancing knowledge transfer and innovation networks. However, this research yields other interesting findings that may not yet have been documented across multiple case studies; for example, most smart city strategies fail to incorporate bottom-up approaches, are poorly adapted to accommodate the local needs of their area, and consider issues of privacy and security inadequately.