Trifluoromethanesulphonic acid catalysed transalkylation between tetrabromobisphenol-a and toluene for the production of 2,6-dibromophenol

The preparation of 2,6-dibromophenol is described. This compound, useful as raw material for brominated poly(phenyleneoxide) and pyrogallol or derived pharmaceuticals/pesticides, was prepared in 80% (isolated) yield by a transalkylation reaction between tetrabromobisphenol-A and toluene. The catalyst, trifluoromethanesulphonic acid, can be simply recovered and recycled. Perfluorinated resin sulphonic acid (NAFION-H®, DuPont) did not effectively catalyse this transalkylation.     

Surface tension as a limiting factor for aerobic n-alkane biodegradation

A new mathematical model for n-alkane biodegradation in crude oil, heavy oil and paraffinic mixtures is described. The pattern of n-alkane degradation as a function of the inverse of hydrocarbon chain length reported in this paper can be considered as general behaviour for many aerobic n-alkane biodegradation processes. A new interpretation of n-alkane biodegradation as a function of surface tension, is given. A mathematical expression was obtained starting from the degradation values of n-alkane and relative surface tension, which is a parameter independent of fermentation conditions. An interesting parameter, b, was identified which represented the accelerating conversion factor for n-alkane biodegradation. The findings suggested that the n-alkane biodegradation. The findings suggested that he n-alkane biodegradation rate may be affected by the fermentation condition (agitation, aeration, etc.) and by the strain of microorganism, while the behaviour pattern of n-alkane degradation was essentially linked to the substrate characteristics (molecular structure, molecular weight and density).     

计算机硬盘坏磁道修复的思路与技巧

本文通过隐藏坏磁道分区的方法,着重介绍了硬盘坏磁道的修复技术及注意事项,同时还介绍了逻辑坏磁道、0磁道损坏的修复方法。     

Determination of heavy metals and volatile aromatic compounds in used engine oils and sludges

Assessment of contaminant releases during utilization of used oils is essential for the determination of environmental acceptability. These paper reports the results of the study examining a toxic metal leachability from used engine oil and sludge samples employing leaching test (TCLP). The leaching test indicated that lead in oil samples exceeded 5-ppm concentration level what qualified them as a toxic waste. The samples of contaminated sludge were found to contain high concentration of total lead, barium and chromium, but the leaching test showed concentration below regulatory limit. The total content of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes (BETX), and naphthalene in used oil and sludge samples was also determined and was found not to be a significant factor to contamination.     

PRO/Ⅱ软件在硫磺回收中的二次开发应用

硫磺回收装置的设备需要有较大的操作弹性。针对其过程气进口压力低，手工计算难于进行严格的全程压降计算，现以PRO／Ⅱ软件为开发平台，通过扩充数据库和建立模拟流程，成功地将其用于硫磺回收装置的设备选型和核算，为工程设计提供了先进的计算手段。     

Simultaneous recovery of copper and surfactant by an electrolytic process from synthetic solution prepared to simulate a concentrate waste stream of a micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration process

Electroplating method was employed to recover copper and surfactant simultaneously from synthetic solutions prepared to simulate concentrated waste stream generated from micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration. Effects of surfactant and copper (II) concentrations, surfactant to copper (II) molar ratio (S/M), electroplating voltage and time, solution pH, and ionic strength on metal recovery and electrical current efficiency were investigated. Results show that at a fixed S/M ratio of 5, the first-order kinetic constant for Cu (II) removal by electroplating increases with decreasing SDS concentration. At fixed SDS concentration of 8.5 mM, increasing initial Cu (II) concentration increases both Cu (II) recovery and current efficiency. Electrolyte pH has profound effects on the metal recovery and current efficiency due to the difference in solution conductivity after pH adjustment and the extent of Cu (II) adsorption onto SDS at different pHs.     

Correlation of reactivity with chemical structure: Thermal hydrogenation of gas oils

The relationship between chemical structure and reactivity for thermal hydroprocessing was studied for five gas oils derived from Alberta bitumens. Chemical structure was characterized by combining data from ¹ H and ¹³ C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, class fractionation, and elemental analysis to calculate structural parameters. Thermal hydrotreating was performed in a continuous-flow stirred reactor at 420 and 440°C, 13.9 MPa hydrogen pressure, and 1.5 h¹ LHSV. Conversion of the 343–525°C boiling fraction of the gas oils was correlated with the concentration of naphthenic methylene groups in the feed. Formation of methane and ethane was dependent on the degree of condensation of the aromatic rings in the feed oils. Thermal desulfurization was highly correlated with the amount of saturates in the feed, and the aromaticity of the resin fraction. Hydrogen consumption increased with the aromaticity of the gas oil…     

软土地基油罐底板变形分析

分析了造成油罐底板变形的原因、形式及其危害，结合工程实例，提出了减少油罐底板不均匀变形的措施。     

Effect of mixing leaves with olives on organoleptic quality of oil obtained by centrifugation

Variable quantities of leaves were added to ripe olives prior to extraction to determine their effect on the quality of the resulting olive oil. The addition of 1–3% w/w leaves improved the organoleptic quality. An increase intrans-2-hexenal aldehyde content occurred, giving the pleasant flavor of “freshly cut grass.” This compound was produced by the enzymatic breakdown of 13-L-hydroperoxide of linolenic acid in leaf homogenates.     

基于Jpcap的Webmail邮件还原技术

基于Smtp和Pop3的邮件还原技术已经日臻成熟,而由于主要Webmail邮件格式不同,Webmail邮件还原技术一直是难点。通过对主要Webmail的内容格式分析,针对不同网站的Webmail建立相应的还原模块,实现对主要Webmail的内容还原。实验结果验证了该技术的有效性。