生态型住宅小区的噪声控制

生态型住宅小区的试点建设在于引导创建健康、舒适的居住环境,实现社会、经济、环境效益的统一,其噪声控制问题是重要内容之一.本文从标准要求着手,通过分析小区内外噪声源,提出了控制对策建议,可供环境评价、建筑设计和竣工验收参考.     

含氮、氧改性菜籽油润滑添加剂对钢-钢摩擦副和钢-铝摩擦副摩擦学性能的影响

对菜籽油进行化学改性制备了一类氮氧型改性菜籽油添加剂（NOR）,并利用红外光谱对其主要官能团进行鉴定。分别通过四球和SRV摩擦磨损试验机考察了以菜籽油为基础油,以NOR为添加剂时对钢-钢摩擦副和钢-铝摩擦副抗磨减摩性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜观察分析钢球磨斑表面的形貌,同时通过对铝合金磨痕进行X射线光电子能谱分析,探讨了氮氧型改性菜籽油润滑添加剂的抗磨减摩机理。结果表明：以氮氧型改性菜籽油为添加剂,以菜籽油为基础油时,钢-钢摩擦副和钢-铝摩擦副均表现出良好的抗磨减摩作用,其润滑作用机理是由于长链菜籽油分子的载体作用、氮的高反应活性以及二者的协同作用在金属摩擦表面形成了含氮、氧及碳等元素的表面保护膜。     

弱相互作用调控表面活性剂自组装(Ⅲ)——响应性表面活性剂

天然的或合成的两亲分子(表面活性剂)可以自组装形成多尺度的聚集体结构,比如胶束、囊泡、液晶和纤维等。在表面活性剂中引入功能性基团,借助外界环境(比如光、温度、pH、CO2、磁等)的改变可以实现对表面活性剂的聚集方式的调控。本文主要介绍响应性表面活性剂的种类、结构以及环境刺激与响应性能之间的关系。     

Complementing retrofit with engagement: exploring energy consumption with social housing tenants

Councils and social housing organisations are looking to retrofit as a way to make their housing more energy efficient. Previous studies on energy use in social housing have generally focussed on the technological aspects (such as the potential savings possible by retrofitting this class of housing across the UK) or have involved one‐off interventions or measures. During a 2‐year period, we worked with previously homeless people to reduce their energy consumption. The 32 participants lived in small blocks of flats (owned by a social housing organisation) that underwent retrofitting with air source heat pumps. We ran a three‐phase tenant engagement programme to compare a range of approaches aimed at energy reduction. It was found that education, social norms and self‐awareness are all key components when it comes to initiating environmentally responsible behaviours. The three approaches complemented each other, and these ought to be considered alongside technology provision if the aim is to reduce energy consumption. A number of reflections on the implementation of medium‐term tenant engagement programmes are also presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

镍基合金环境致裂过程中裂尖微观力学特性分析

核电站一回路压力容器、管道及蒸汽发生器等设备和结构中广泛采用镍基合金和奥氏体不锈钢,而这些材料的环境致裂(EAC)却是核电结构的主要安全隐患之一。研究表明,核电高温高压水环境中镍基合金的EAC是裂尖氧化膜破裂和再生成的一个过程。为了深入了解镍基合金EAC裂纹扩展过程中裂尖的力学状况,本文从理论和数值模拟两方面分析研究了EAC裂尖氧化膜和基体金属区域的应力分布规律,为提高定量预测高温高压水环境中镍基合金EAC扩展速率精度奠定基础。     

氯碱化工“三废”零排放可行性研究

针对氯碱生产过程中产生大量的“工业三废”问题,介绍了焦煤集团开元化工有限责任公司的“三废”回收利用及治理情况,提出了实现“零排放工厂”的可行性方案和“三废”回收利用的治理措施。     

Study on aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent based on fluorocarbon cationic–hydrocarbon anionic surfactants mixture system

Fluorocarbon surfactants were the main components of aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents (AFFF). Unfortunately, the widely used fluorocarbon surfactant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was limited due to its toxicity, bioaccumulation and biodegradability. In this paper, an environmentally friendly quaternary ammonium cationic fluorocarbon surfactant with high surface activity and simple synthesis route was reported. The surface performance and aggregation behavior of the mixed solution of this fluorocarbon surfactant and sodium n-octyl sulfate were studied by means of surface tension meter and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the synergistic effect of sodium n-octyl sulfate and this fluorocarbon surfactant was significant, and many vesicles could be observed in the mixed solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L under TEM. Subsequently, three environmental friendly AFFF formulations (F-1, F-2, F-3) were designed with the mixture of the fluorocarbon surfactant, sodium n-octyl sulfate and lauryl betaine BS-12 as foaming agent. Through its foam performance test, it could be seen that F-3 showed relatively excellent foam performance. The initial foam height h₀ was 70 mm, the 25% drainage time was 315 s, the extinguishing time was 28 s, and the burn-back time was 720 s. This kind of fire extinguishing agent had the potential of fire protection application.     

再谈“绿色涂装”——汽车“绿色涂装与涂料”的发展趋势（一）

在介绍国内汽车涂装的环保、节能减排现状及差距和＂绿色涂装＂理念（6个高效、10个更少、2个高效、1个更低）的基础上,按汽车涂装工艺推荐了26项成熟的先进适用的绿色涂装工艺技术。     

含磷本质阻燃环氧树脂的研究进展

综述了含磷本质阻燃环氧树脂(包括含磷协同本质阻燃体系)的发展、现状和未来趋势。与添加型阻燃剂阻燃环氧树脂相比,通过含磷环氧化合物和/或含磷固化剂把磷元素嵌入环氧树脂结构中制得的含磷本质阻燃环氧树脂,具有阻燃效率高、阻燃持久、物理力学性能不受影响、燃烧过程中毒性腐蚀性挥发物质的生成量低等优势。利用协同阻燃效应,可以进一步提高阻燃性能。但是,含磷本质阻燃环氧树脂和含磷协同本质阻燃体系存在制备工艺复杂、生产成本较高等不足。     

镁及镁合金环保型阳极氧化工艺研究

研究了镁及镁合金无铬、无磷的环保型阳极氧化工艺测定了镁阳极氧化的稳态伏安曲线和电流密度一时间曲线通过研究氧化电压、电解液中NaOH和Al(0H)3的浓度、电解液温度、氧化时间等对镁阳极氧化成膜的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件分析了最佳工艺条件下得到的镁合金氧化膜的成分、结构与表面形貌，并对镁合金基体与氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能进行了比较结果表明，在环保型阳极氧化液中得到的镁合金氧化膜由镁和铝的氧化物组成，其色泽光滑，结构致密，与镁合金基体相比硬度与耐腐蚀性能都大为提高。