热泵干燥装置中绿色热泵工质的优选

热泵干燥具有节能及物料干燥质量好等优点。传统热泵干燥装置中的热泵工质对大气臭氧层有破坏作用和较大的温室效应 ,在发达国家已被禁用。本文目的在于优选可代替上述环害工质的绿色工质。文中对不同热风温度的热泵干燥装置 ,分别给出了一组可选工质 ,并对各组可选工质进行了分析和评介     

胶粘剂环境老化行为的研究现状及展望

介绍了胶粘剂材料的环境老化机理,综述了胶粘剂环境老化行为、国内外研究的发展及现状,研究的热点主要是:高分子材料的热、光老化,热氧老化,光氧老化,化学介质中的老化机理及稳定化.展望了胶粘剂环境老化行为研究的发展趋势.     

钢的环保型NaCl水溶液缓蚀剂的研制

研制了适用做盐水冷冻液和NaCl冷媒的环保型廉价缓蚀荆,在4℃和30℃的1％～25％ NaCl加自来水的盐水溶液中,研制缓蚀剂对低碳钢、低碳锰钢和Cr-Mo钢都有良好的防锈能力,并且在pH值4.O～8.5的塔里木河水中,该缓蚀剂均有缓蚀效果,而以在中性河水中效果最好。     

Assessing the Antimicrobial Activity of Polyisoprene Based Surfaces

There has been an intense research effort in the last decades in the field of biofouling prevention as it concerns many aspects of everyday life and causes problems to devices, the environment, and human health. Many different antifouling and antimicrobial materials have been developed to struggle against bacteria and other micro- and macro-organism attachment to different surfaces. However the “miracle solution” has still to be found. The research presented here concerns the synthesis of bio-based polymeric materials and the biological tests that showed their antifouling and, at the same time, antibacterial activity. The raw material used for the coating synthesis was natural rubber. The polyisoprene chains were fragmented to obtain oligomers, which had reactive chemical groups at their chain ends, therefore they could be modified to insert polymerizable and biocidal groups. Films were obtained by radical photopolymerization of the natural rubber derived oligomers and their structure was altered, in order to understand the mechanism of attachment inhibition and to increase the efficiency of the anti-biofouling action. The adhesion of three species of pathogenic bacteria and six strains of marine bacteria was studied. The coatings were able to inhibit bacterial attachment by contact, as it was verified that no detectable leaching of toxic molecules occurred.     

认识“环境敏感型”生物大分子

生物技术在现代生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。本文着重分析了＂环境敏感型＂大分子及大分子体系在特定环境条件下发生的一些特定的物理和化学性质的变化机理以及利用控制大分子构象得到对特定外界因素敏感的大分子或大分子体系。目的是认识＂环境敏感型＂大分子或大分子体系在生物技术产品的分离纯化上的具体应用。     

船舶表面新型环保防污涂料研究进展

随着人们环保意识的不断提高,环保、广谱的新型防污涂料已经成为当前海洋防污领域的研究热点。概述生物污损的形成过程和污损机制,综述近年来新型环保防污涂料的研究进展,包括污损释放防污涂料、光催化防污材料和基于仿生策略衍生而出的天然防污剂、水凝胶防污涂层等;介绍抗菌肽的作用机制和改性表面的制备手段,指出该类防污材料具有广谱的抗菌活性和环境友好性,有望成为具有理想防污功能的新型海洋防污涂料;展望未来防污涂料的研究方向,旨在为发展高效、广谱、绿色的海洋防污涂料提供参考。     

铸铝表面绿色环保化学处理新工艺

使用脱氧/除斑剂代替传统的硝酸、氢氟酸酸洗出光工艺对压铸铝合金表面进行处理,与传统工艺和简化工艺进行了对比.结果发现,采用由除油、脱氧/除斑荆除灰活化、钝化处理组成的新工艺不仅能在压铸铝合金表面获得色彩均匀的转化膜层,而且消除了传统工艺在生产过程中产生的污染物.新工艺所得的转化膜可通过96 h的盐雾试验,环保节能,有望在压铸铝合金表面处理中得到广泛应用.     

水性厚质橡塑防水灰浆的制备及应用

简单介绍了水性厚质橡塑防水灰浆的配方、制备方法、性能特点及其施工要点。     

Effects of subphase pH and temperature on the interfacial behavior of double hydrophilic diblock copolymer PDEGMA-b-PDIPAEMA

The aggregation behavior of two pH- and temperature-responsive diblock copolymers of poly[di-(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate]-block-poly[2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (PDEGMA-b-PDIPAEMA) at the air/water interface and the structures of their Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films were studied by the Langmuir monolayer technique and atomic force microscopy, respectively. At the air/water interface, PDEGMA-b-PDIPAEMA tends to form the core-shell-corona micellar structure composed of a PDIPAEMA main chain core, an amino ethyl ester shell, and a PDEGMA corona. Under acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions, PDIPAEMA blocks are completely protonated, partially protonated, and completely non-protonated, respectively, and the protonated amino ethyl ester groups are immersed in water before monolayer compression, whereas PDEGMA coronas are adsorbed at the interface. At pH 3, 7, and 10, the limiting areas (A₀) for PDEGMA42%-PDIPAEMA58% (weight percents) and PDEGMA55%-PDIPAEMA45% are 8.2/10.2/14.0 and 6.7/8.3/8.4 nm², respectively. The A₀ values of the former copolymer are larger than those of the latter. This is because the shells in the former copolymer are denser due to the higher polymerization degree of PDIPAEMA blocks, providing greater steric hindrance for PDEGMA coronas and making the latter more extended at the interface. In contrast to other copolymer systems, the effect of temperature on the isotherms of PDEGMA-b-PDIPAEMA is less obvious.     

橡胶防老剂的协同作用及发展趋势

介绍了橡胶防老剂协同作用的分类及其机理,并综述了不同协同作用防老剂的研究进展,指出聚合型大分子质量化、超细微粒化、反应型和绿色环保型等新品种的开发是防老剂研发未来的发展趋势.