基于GPRS的炼油企业污染源监测系统改造

污染源在线监控是排污单位提高环境管理水平的重要手段。针对辽河石化公司污染源监测的现状,设计了基于GPRS的辽河石化公司污染源实时监测系统。系统由前端仪表自动监测子系统、现场数据传输子系统、监测中心子系统构成:前端自动监测仪表对污染源实时测量各项参数,现场数据传输子系统的数据采集通讯设备通过GPRS网络将数据传输到监测中心数据库服务器上,监测中心对数据统计分析,以Web形式将数据发布到Internet上,供用户浏览,数据出现溢出时发送报警短信息,为应急监测方案的启动和相应的应急处置提供数据支持。该系统的实现将将大大加快辽河石化公司创建环境友好企业的步伐,为其他炼油企业环境管理体系的建设提供参考依据。     

Prenatal Exposure to Triclocarban Impairs ESR1 Signaling and Disrupts Epigenetic Status in Sex-Specific Ways as Well as Dysregulates the Expression of Neurogenesis- and Neurotransmitter-Related Genes in the Postnatal Mouse Brain

Triclocarban is a highly effective and broadly used antimicrobial agent. Humans are continually exposed to triclocarban, but the safety of prenatal exposure to triclocarban in the context of neurodevelopment remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that mice that had been prenatally exposed to environmentally relevant doses of triclocarban had impaired estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) signaling in the brain. These mice displayed decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of ESR1 as well as hypermethylation of the Esr1 gene in the cerebral cortex. Prenatal exposure to triclocarban also diminished the mRNA expression of Esr2, Gper1, Ahr, Arnt, Cyp19a1, Cyp1a1, and Atg7, and the protein levels of CAR, ARNT, and MAP1LC3AB in female brains and decreased the protein levels of BCL2, ARNT, and MAP1LC3AB in male brains. In addition, exposure to triclocarban caused sex-specific alterations in the methylation levels of global DNA and estrogen receptor genes. Microarray and enrichment analyses showed that, in males, triclocarban dysregulated mainly neurogenesis-related genes, whereas, in females, the compound dysregulated mainly neurotransmitter-related genes. In conclusion, our data identified triclocarban as a neurodevelopmental risk factor that particularly targets ESR1, affects apoptosis and autophagy, and in sex-specific ways disrupts the epigenetic status of brain tissue and dysregulates the postnatal expression of neurogenesis- and neurotransmitter-related genes.     

Synthetics versus vegetable oils: Applications,options, and performance

Environmental concerns have brought forward vegetable oils as alternatives to more expensive synthetic lubricant base stocks, in moderate operating conditions. The contents of various acids, such as oleic and linoleum, can be changed by selective breeding to produce more desirable lubricating properties and less oxidation vulnerability. Different tests are needed for such lubricants, and the Baader test has been modified to show the ageing stability of rapeseed oil raffinate, TMP trioleate, dioctyl adipate, and HOSO. Such oils can also be modified with additive packages.     

Mechanical testing of hydraulic fluids

The antiwear properties of hydraulic fluids are important because hydraulic pump and motor wear is costly. While international hydraulic fluid performance standards continue to be developed, e. g., the ISO/TC28/SC4 committee's draft ISO DIS 11158 ‘Specifications for mineral oil hydraulic fluids’, the normal hydraulic fluid performance specifications represent minimum requirements. Performance specifications for nonmineral oil hydraulic fluids are also being developed. Typically, both the user and the fluid manufacturer possess insufficient objective information about the antiwear properties of special fluids, e. g., environmentally acceptable hydraulic fluids (EAHF) or fire‐resistant hydraulic fluids (FRHF) for use in hydraulic equipment such as axial‐piston pumps, vane pumps or radial‐piston motors. Manufacturer's specifications must therefore be determined. The required lubrication properties can be determined by either laboratory pump tests or a field trial, often at the customer's expense. The lubrication properties of a hydraulic fluid should ideally be determined under conditions that are equivalent to field practice. This paper will discuss the use of the vane pump test and the FZG gear test to gauge ‘recommended’ hydraulic fluid performance; many non‐mineral hydraulic fluids, such as environmentally acceptable hydraulic fluids, fire‐resistant fluids or synthetic hydraulic fluids, cannot be used in axial‐piston systems based only on results obtained with these tests, and additional testing is always required. Proposals are made for testing of such fluids on a variable‐load test rig. These tests are done with axial‐piston pumps, or other similar displacement systems, and are intended to determine the industrial suitability of non‐mineral hydraulic fluids.     

基于互穿网络技术构筑环境友好型聚合物电解质膜与电化学性能

利用互穿网络技术通过乳液聚合法制备环境友好型聚合物电解质膜,采用FTIR、XPS、SEM、TEM和TG等技术对样品结构和形貌进行表征;通过CV、EIS和充放电测试结果分析样品的电化学性能。结果表明：当m(AMPS):m(BA):m(AA):m(AN)=1:3:2:2时,互穿网络聚合物电解质膜的离子电导率为0.88mS/cm;聚合物膜的抗拉强度为7.53MPa,断裂伸长率为90.4%;聚合物膜的吸液量为150%,热收缩率为4%,表现出最佳的力学性能和电化学性能。该互穿网络聚合物电解质膜与目前锂离子电池主流的正负极材料具有较好的相容性,普适性较好。以LiCoO₂为正极,石墨为负极,0.2C倍率下,首次放电比容量分别为141.3mAh/g和347.1mAh/g,100次循环后容量保持率分别为94.8%和85.0%;2C倍率下,放电比容量为119.8mAh/g和239.0mAh/g。关键词：聚合物电解质膜;互穿网络技术;环境友好;锂离子电池     

Bio-Efficacy of Chrysoeriol7, a Natural Chemical and Repellent,against Brown Planthopper in Rice

Brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is the most damaging rice pest affecting stable rice yields worldwide. Currently, methods for controlling BPH include breeding a BPH-resistant cultivar and using synthetic pesticides. Nevertheless, the continuous cultivation of resistant cultivars allows for the emergence of various resistant races, and the use of synthetic pesticides can induce environmental pollution as well as the emergence of unpredictable new pest species. As plants cannot migrate to other locations on their own to combat various stresses, the production of secondary metabolites allows plants to protect themselves from stress and tolerate their reproduction. Pesticides using natural products are currently being developed to prevent environmental pollution and ecosystem disturbance caused by synthetic pesticides. In this study, after BPH infection in rice, chrysoeriol7 (C7), a secondary metabolite that induces resistance against BPH, was assessed. After C7 treatment and BPH infection, relative expression levels of the flavonoid-related genes were elevated, suggesting that in plants subjected to BPH, compounds related to flavonoids, among the secondary metabolites, play an important role in inducing resistance. The plant-derived natural compound chrysoeriol7 can potentially thus be used to develop environmentally friendly pesticides. The suggested control of BPH can be effectively used to alleviate concerns regarding environmental pollution and to construct a relatively safe rice breeding environment.     

Lubricants and the environment

About 1% of the total mineral oil consumption is used to formulate lubricants.Everywhere the production, application, and disposal of lubricants has to cover the requirements of the best possible protection of our nature and the environment in general and of the living beings in special. Often health hazards do not follow the direct way to human beings, more often they follow indirect routes through our environment.For all cases of direct contact between lubricants on one side and human beings and the nature on the other side the compatability has to be checked. The gaining necessity for environmental compatability tests has to be understood by all those who are working in the fields of production, application, and disposal of lubricants.Simplified it can be stated that health hazards and water hazards have to be minimized. Using the three examples Coolants and Metal Working Lubricants, Engine Oils, and Fast Biodegradable Lubricants and Operational Fluids some of the most important aspects of the impairment of the environment will be discussed.     

Suitability of vegetable oils as industrial lubricants

This paper reports on the application‐relevant properties of sixteen commercially available vegetable oils tested without additives in accordance with established standards. Their performance was compared with each other and with that of mineral oil and synthetic esters. The basic characteristics of all the oils (density, viscosity, pour point, cloud point, flash point and fire point) were initially determined. A chemical analysis of the vegetable oils was carried out to determine the acid value, saponification and iodine numbers. Additionally, the oxidative stability of all the oils was tested. The tribological performance, lubrication, and wear protection of the oils were judged under abrasive as well as adhesive conditions. The comparative study of the test vegetable oils showed great differences in the properties of the oils. All the vegetable oils tested revealed weak points during testing, including rape seed and castor oils, which have established uses in industry. This study shows that certain vegetable oils, such as sesame oil and wheatgerm oil, may have potential for use in selected technical applications. The mineral oil and synthetic esters showed markedly superior performance when tested under adhesive conditions, but comparable behaviour to the other oils under abrasive conditions.     

Additives for Rape Seed Oil 1: Preparation and Tribological Behaviour of a Sulphurised Rape Seed Oil Lubricant Additive

A new type of environmentally friendly lubricant additive ‐ a sulphurised rape seed oil additive ‐ was prepared, and the chemical structure characterised using infrared spectroscopy. The tribological properties of the additive in a rape seed base oil were evaluated using a friction tester. The morphologies and tribochemical species of worn surfaces were analysed by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the additive increased the load‐carrying capacity and improved the antiwear and friction‐reducing properties of the rape seed oil. The inferred lubrication mechanism is that a high‐strength adsorption film and a tribochemical reaction film form on rubbing surfaces due to the carrier effect of the long‐chain rape seed oil molecules, the high reactivity of sulphur, and their synergism.     

理想的环保溶剂—二价酸酯

：综述了二价酸酯（ＤＢＥ）在涂料工业中的应用。提出了采用ＤＢＥ降低涂料配方成本的途径。与其他溶剂对比,表明ＤＢＥ是一种毒性低、能生物降解的环保溶剂。