Evaluation of the propensity of replacements for halon 1301 to induce stress-corrosion cracking in alloys used in aircraft fire-suppressant storage and distribution systems

The fire-suppressant agents halon 1301 and halon 1211 have both been determined to possess sufficient ozone layer depletion potential to warrant strict limitations on their production and use. The service conditions aboard jet aircraft subject engine fire-suppressant storage vessels to the agents for long durations at elevated temperatures and pressures. Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of the materials of the vessel wall and/or rupture disk assembly (agent release valve) could prevent proper operation. Therefore, the compatibility of potential replacements with the materials used in the fire-suppressant storage and distribution systems is a serious concern. An evaluation of the relative SCC propensity of 12 halon replacement candidates was conducted to enable the selection of three of these compounds for further study. The slow-strain-rate (SSR) tensile test was selected, and a statistical method was developed for ranking the relative susceptibility of each alloy in each agent from the SSR test results. The results revealed that most agents had little tendency to cause SCC, but that some agent/alloy combinations were undesirable. The statistical technique allowed relative comparison, ranking, and combination of these results with other types of tests for the identification of three agents suitable for development and evaluation as aircraft fire suppressants.     

一种环境友好润滑剂的制备及性能研究

在脂肪酸分子中引入氮，合成了一种新型的环境友好润滑添加剂NLA，利用红外光谱对其主要官能团进行了表征，通过四球试验机考察了添加剂在矿物基础油中的抗磨减摩性能与极压性能，用扫描电镜对磨痕表面形貌进行了分析，探讨了该类添加剂的极压抗磨作用机理。结果表明：该润滑添加剂在矿物油中具有优良的抗磨减摩性能，并且具有良好的防锈性能和生物降解性能，是一种新型的环境友好润滑添加剂。     

我国绿色轮胎的发展及其对橡胶助剂的需求

概述我国汽车和轮胎产业的现状并预测其发展趋势,指出绿色轮胎将成为我国轮胎市场的主导产品,测算绿色轮胎的节能减排效果。以白炭黑、环保油和低锌硫化活性剂等为例,阐述绿色轮胎对橡胶助剂的需求,简介轮胎节能生产工艺。     

Development of a model of barriers to environmentally conscious manufacturing implementation

Manufacturing firms consume energy and natural resources in highly unsustainable manner and release large amounts of green house gases leading to many economic, environmental and social problems from climate change to local waste disposal. Consciousness about these issues has led to a new manufacturing paradigm of environmentally conscious manufacturing (ECM). However, there are various barriers to the implementation of ECM. A proper understanding and analysis of these barriers will allow the management of the company and government to prioritise their focus to mitigate root barriers for effective implementation of ECM. This paper aims at identifying the barriers to ECM, developing a model of these barriers using statistical analysis and testing the model using structural equation modelling technique. The results provide three types of barriers – internal, policy and economic. The results show that internal barriers are the root barriers and cause policy and economic barriers. It reflects that the barriers which are internal to the organisation should be mitigated first for effective implementation of ECM.     

高银铋阳极泥浸出工艺研究

某厂高银铋阳极泥产粗铋及综合回收有价金属,工艺采用两段浸出法处理此阳极泥,第1段硫酸浸出铜,第2段盐酸浸出铋.分别考察了浸出温度、时间、液固比(质量比)、酸量及氧化剂用量对浸出率的影响.铜的浸出率(液计)96%以上,铋、锑的浸出率(渣计)均在99%以上,铅、银富集于第2段浸出渣中,铅、银渣含Pb 26.63%左右,含Ag 36.77%左右,铅和银的直收率高,分别为97.82%及98.93%.浸出过程为串级联动循环浸出,洗酸洗水均返回下一次浸出,大大地减少了废水量,环境友好.     

表面活性剂辅助的水相剥离法制备石墨烯研究进展

表面活性剂辅助水相剥离法是一种制备较高质量石墨烯的方法。概述了表面活性剂辅助的水相剥离方法的技术优势,包括方法绿色环保、便于规模化、所得石墨烯质量高和产量大等特点。在此基础上,重点综述了近年来不同种类表面活性剂辅助水相剥离石墨烯的研究进展,其中离子型表面活性剂辅助剥离石墨烯,包括烷基阴离子表面活性剂辅助剥离石墨、胆盐类表面活性剂辅助剥离石墨、芘衍生物辅助剥离石墨、阳离子型表面活性剂辅助剥离石墨等;非离子性表面活性剂辅助剥离石墨,包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮辅助剥离石墨、聚醚表面活性剂辅助剥离石墨、聚乙烯基咪唑类高分子辅助水相剥离石墨等。针对各种形式的表面活性剂辅助水相剥离石墨方法,分别从制备流程、表面活性剂物理化学性能、制得的石墨烯的结构与性能等方面进行了归纳与对比。最后展望了液相剥离制备石墨烯方法在未来的发展方向。     

环境友好型防垢剂DH-1的合成及其性能研究

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸甲酯(Mac)为单体合成了马来酸酐-丙烯酸-丙烯酸甲酯(MA-AA-Mac)三元共聚物。通过正交试验优化得出的最佳合成条件为:r(MA):r(AA):r(Mac)为1:0.8:0.6,引发剂用量的质量分数为单体总用量的8%,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为4h,在此条件下合成的共聚物防垢率为87.61%。将所合成的MA-AA-Mac共聚物与羟基亚乙基二膦酸(HEDP)以n(MA-AA-Mac):n(HEDP)为4:6复配得效果较好的防垢剂DH-1。试验表明,DH-1对碳酸钙、硫酸钙、硫酸钡和硫酸锶具有较好的阻垢性能。     

Polymeric pH-sensitive membranes—A review

Significant progress has been achieved in recent years in the field of pH-sensitive membranes. In many cases, pH-sensitive membranes are systems for which the flux, membrane pore size, and solute rejection ratio may be manipulated by changing the pH. This review summarizes recent developments covering the preparation, pH-responsive properties, and applications in various disciplines. The pH-sensitive groups and the evaluation parameters for pH-sensitive membranes are reviewed and discussed. A variety of preparation methodologies, including blending, pore-filling, surface-grafting, and surface-coating techniques are described, and some of their salient features are highlighted. The flat-sheet form and hollow-fiber form pH-sensitive membranes are reviewed. Membrane pore size change and electroviscous effect are discussed. Furthermore, future perspectives of pH-sensitive membranes are discussed.     

环境友好型海洋防污涂料的研究现状及展望

为了保护海洋环境、维护海洋生态平衡,环境友好型海洋防污涂料已逐渐取代传统的海洋防污涂料,成为未来海洋防污涂料研究的主导方向。介绍了防污涂料中防污剂的含量、防污涂层的表面自由能、弹性模量、光滑程度、疏水性和pH值等因素对涂料防污效果的影响。综述了环境友好型高分子海洋防污涂料的国内外研究进展,比较了不同防污技术的特点,探讨...     

刨花板环保阻燃处理的初步研究

介绍成板刨花板用实验室自制的BL-环保阻燃剂进行环保阻燃处理的方法、工艺.分析处理后刨花板检测的环保、阻燃和各项物理力学性能.结果表明,经过处理后的刨花板环保性、阻燃性都比未经处理的刨花板要优越得多,物理力学性能几乎保持不变.初步确定了处理的优化工艺.