Esterification reaction of oleic acid with a fusel oil fraction for production of lubricating oil

In this study, the esterification of oleic acid with a fraction of fusel oil was investigated. The variables that affect ester yield, such as temperature, molar ratio of oleic acid to alcohol, and amount of catalyst, were determined. Powdered silica gel was chosen to remove water instead of granular silica gel, magnesium sulfate, or benzene. The behavior of amyl alcohols and the fusel oil fraction was compared. The esterification reaction was carried out under the reaction conditions selected as optimal, and the ester conversion of the reaction was 97.3%. The product mixture compressed products, excess reactants, catalyst, and desiccant. Oleate ester and oleic acid (2.7%) were obtained using the refinement steps of filtration, evaportation, washing with distilled water, and drying over sodium sulfate.     

面向装配及拆卸的产品设计

产品的装配和拆卸设计（ＤＦＡ／ＤＦＤ）是实现环境意识制造的重要手段之一。分析ＤＦＡ／ＤＦＤ的理论基础及实现方法,并给出了电吹风的ＤＦＤ设计过程。     

论环保铜合金研究方向（续）

2．2硅磷系环保合金的开发 本系合金开发的目的是在黄铜中加入富有、廉价元素硅、磷等以求产业化生产环保合金。由于铋、碲、锑等属于稀有金属,地壳中的含量极为稀少,如果广泛用于易切削黄铜合金势必造成资源上的不足,对长期发展产生影响。国外早已针对这一问题进行过深入的研究,     

环境友好含氟乳液功能型氟树脂涂料的研究及应用

氟树脂由于其特殊的结构特点比其他传统的树脂表现出优良的耐候性和耐久性,含氟聚合物涂料优异的力学性能、耐候性、抗污性、耐化学品性等使其获得越来越广泛的应用。本文介绍了氟树脂及相关涂料的研究进展及其应用,强调溶剂型氟树脂涂料功能特点与含氟乳液涂料的环境友好性,特别指出,当今涂料的发展应朝着环境友好、高性能和多功能的方向发展。     

含氮、氧改性菜籽油润滑添加剂对钢-钢摩擦副和钢-铝摩擦副摩擦学性能的影响

对菜籽油进行化学改性制备了一类氮氧型改性菜籽油添加剂（NOR）,并利用红外光谱对其主要官能团进行鉴定。分别通过四球和SRV摩擦磨损试验机考察了以菜籽油为基础油,以NOR为添加剂时对钢-钢摩擦副和钢-铝摩擦副抗磨减摩性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜观察分析钢球磨斑表面的形貌,同时通过对铝合金磨痕进行X射线光电子能谱分析,探讨了氮氧型改性菜籽油润滑添加剂的抗磨减摩机理。结果表明：以氮氧型改性菜籽油为添加剂,以菜籽油为基础油时,钢-钢摩擦副和钢-铝摩擦副均表现出良好的抗磨减摩作用,其润滑作用机理是由于长链菜籽油分子的载体作用、氮的高反应活性以及二者的协同作用在金属摩擦表面形成了含氮、氧及碳等元素的表面保护膜。     

环保型金属清洗剂的研制及其清洗效果

研制环保型水基金属清洗剂是水基清洗剂的发展方向。为此,选择了几种具有高效生物降解性的表面活性剂,并将其复配,采用表面张力测定及称重法考察了单一型及复配型体系对金属清洗的效果及效率。结果显示：清洗剂配方为m[APGC8-10（烷基糖苷）]：m[AEO-9（C12脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚）]=1：1,浓度为3g／L,以Na2CO3...     

The selection of international standards for the thermodynamic properties of HFC-134a and HCFC-123

The objectives and activities of the International Energy Agency-Annex 18 are summarized. One of the goals of the Annex was to determine the formulations that best represent the thermodynamic properties of HFC-134a and HCFC-123. The formulations selected were those which accurately represented the experimental data and simultaneously exhibited thermodynamic consistency. Methods of comparison include analysis of the experimental data, statistical comparisons of values calculated from the property formulations to experimental values, and graphical analyses of the thermodynamic surface. The analytical methods used are summarized in this paper. The equations of state reviewed in these comparisons represented the most accurate formulations available in December 1992. Four equations of state were reviewed for HFC-I34a and three equations of state were considered for HCFC-123. These equations represented the work of independent researchers in Germany, Japan, and the United States. The formulations selected as international standards are presented.Paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Influence of surface finish on fatigue cracking behavior of reactor pressure vessel steel in high temperature water

The low cycle fatigue behavior of a low‐alloy reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel was investigated in high temperature water. Main attention was paid to the effects of surface finish of specimens on fatigue cracking behavior. It was found that the influence of surface finish on fatigue resistance of the steel was strain‐rate dependent in high temperature water. Pretty obvious degradation of fatigue resistance appeared at fast strain rate with rougher surface finish. At slow strain rate, surface circumferential scratches promoted crack initiation and propagation. The fracture surface showed relatively flat and slight crack‐arrest features. At fast strain rate, surface scratches also promoted crack initiation, but seemed not to dominate crack propagation. The fracture surface showed typical terraced and fan‐like features. The above fatigue cracking behavior can be rationalized by a strain‐rate dependent environmentally assisted cracking process of low‐alloy RPV steel in high temperature water.     

硼泥、铝灰制备的环保阻燃剂在丁苯橡胶中的应用研究

以工业废料铝灰和硼泥制备主要成分为水滑石的环保阻燃剂,并将其添加到丁苯橡胶(SBR)中,研究其对阻燃性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明,随环保阻燃剂用量的增加,SBR的阻燃性能提高.使用硼泥、铝灰制备的环保阻燃剂为主的复配阻燃体系后,阻燃效果更好.但环保阻燃剂的大量使用会导致硫化胶物理机械性能下降,采用偶联剂处理后,SBR力学性能提高.