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11.
Sebastian Roth Peter Stockinger Jakob Steff Simon Steimle Dr. Viktor Sautner Prof. Dr. Kai Tittmann Prof. Dr. Jürgen Pleiss Prof. Dr. Michael Müller 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2020,21(18):2615-2619
The family of NAD(P)H-dependent short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) comprises numerous biocatalysts capable of C=O or C=C reduction. The highly homologous noroxomaritidine reductase (NR) from Narcissus sp. aff. pseudonarcissus and Zt_SDR from Zephyranthes treatiae, however, are SDRs with an extended imine substrate scope. Comparison with a similar SDR from Asparagus officinalis (Ao_SDR) exhibiting keto-reducing activity, yet negligible imine-reducing capability, and mining the Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Engineering Database indicated that NR and Zt_SDR possess a unique active-site composition among SDRs. Adapting the active site of Ao_SDR accordingly improved its imine-reducing capability. By applying the same strategy, an unrelated SDR from Methylobacterium sp. 77 (M77_SDR) with distinct keto-reducing activity was engineered into a promiscuous enzyme with imine-reducing activity, thereby confirming that the ability to reduce imines can be rationally introduced into members of the “classical” SDR enzyme family. Thus, members of the SDR family could be a promising starting point for protein approaches to generate new imine-reducing enzymes. 相似文献
12.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(13):18658-18666
Samples of the ternary system MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 with stoichiometric composition in relation to α-cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18), consisting of 22.2 mol% MgO, 22.2 mol% Al2O3, and 55.6 mol% SiO2, were activated in a low energy mill with a constant speed of 100 rpm, in an aqueous medium. The precursors used were corundum (Al2O3), silica gel HF254 type 60 (SiO2), and periclase (MgO). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of mechanochemical activation on the solid-state synthesis of α-cordierite, using a low energy ball mill. Another objective was to shed light on the effect of mechanochemical activation on the steps of α-cordierite formation. For this end several grinding conditions were evaluated, varying the time and mass ratio of precursors/grinding elements, as well as calcination at different temperatures between 950 °C and 1350 °C for 2 h. The samples were analyzed for the determination of the formed phases by Infrared (IR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The phases identified in uncalcined samples were brucite (Mg(OH)2), forsterite (Mg2SiO4), enstatite (MgSiO3), spinel (MgAl2O3), amorphous silica (SiO2), corundum (α-Al2O3), and zirconia (monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2). The lowest temperature corresponding to the formation of α-cordierite (α-Mg2Al4Si5O18) was 1150 °C and a considerable amount of this phase (16.2%) was observed at this temperature, for the sample with the higher mechanochemical activation. In a solid-state reaction, α-cordierite is normally obtained at around 1400 °C, therefore, the formation of this phase at 1150 °C confirms that the mechanochemical activation method, using a low-cost ball mill, is efficient in reducing the solid-state reaction temperature. 相似文献
13.
Dr. Alexander Fries Dr. Laura S. Mazzaferro Dr. Björn Grüning Dr. Philippe Bisel Karin Stibal Patrick C. F. Buchholz Prof. Dr. Jürgen Pleiss Prof. Dr. Georg A. Sprenger Prof. Dr. Michael Müller 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2019,20(13):1672-1677
Chorismate and isochorismate constitute branch-point intermediates in the biosynthesis of many aromatic metabolites in microorganisms and plants. To obtain unnatural compounds, we modified the route to menaquinone in Escherichia coli. We propose a model for the binding of isochorismate to the active site of MenD ((1R,2S, 5S,6S)-2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxycyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate (SEPHCHC) synthase) that explains the outcome of the native reaction with α-ketoglutarate. We have rationally designed variants of MenD for the conversion of several isochorismate analogues. The double-variant Asn117Arg–Leu478Thr preferentially converts (5S,6S)-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate (2,3-trans-CHD), the hydrolysis product of isochorismate, with a >70-fold higher ratio than that for the wild type. The single-variant Arg107Ile uses (5S,6S)-6-amino-5-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate (2,3-trans-CHA) as substrate with >6-fold conversion compared to wild-type MenD. The novel compounds have been made accessible in vivo (up to 5.3 g L−1). Unexpectedly, as the identified residues such as Arg107 are highly conserved (>94 %), some of the designed variations can be found in wild-type SEPHCHC synthases from other bacteria (Arg107Lys, 0.3 %). This raises the question for the possible natural occurrence of as yet unexplored branches of the shikimate pathway. 相似文献
14.
15.
Many models of spoken word recognition posit the existence of lexical and sublexical representations, with excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms used to affect the activation levels of such representations. Bottom-up evidence provides excitatory input, and inhibition from phonetically similar representations leads to lexical competition. In such a system, long words should produce stronger lexical activation than short words, for 2 reasons: Long words provide more bottom-up evidence than short words, and short words are subject to greater inhibition due to the existence of more similar words. Four experiments provide evidence for this view. In addition, reaction-time-based partitioning of the data shows that long words generate greater activation that is available both earlier and for a longer time than is the case for short words. As a result, lexical influences on phoneme identification are extremely robust for long words but are quite fragile and condition-dependent for short words. Models of word recognition must consider words of all lengths to capture the true dynamics of lexical activation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
16.
移动通信系统中功率控制研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在阐述功率控制在移动通信系统中的发展过程的基础上,着重研究了WCDMA系统的功率控制,最后对功率控制未来的研究方向做了简要的分析。 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACT: The thermal stability of Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase at low moisture content was studied, based on isothermal experiments performed in a temperature range 113 to 125 °C. The thermal inactivation was monitored by measuring the decrease in thermal denaturation enthalpy and/or the decrease in enzymic activity on pnitrophenyl-α-D-maltoheptaoside, or on starch as a substrate. Based on enthalpy readings, an enzymic system with a z-value of 10.4 °C was observed when using a relative humidity of 81% at 4 °C. A theoretical study showed that this system could be used as a Time Temperature Integrator (TTI) to monitor the safety of sterilization processes of numerous food products. 相似文献
18.
场激活加压燃烧合成WC-Ni复合材料的工艺参数研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以钨、碳和镍为原料,在电场激活下,材料的燃烧合成和致密化同时进行,短时间内完成了碳化钨镍复合材料的制备。研究了场激活 加压燃烧合成中的工艺参数,如脉冲电流、能量控制模式、升温速率、最高温度和压力对反应的影响。测量了在反应合成和致密化前后的样品 收缩率。所制备的复合材料的相对密度,490N载荷下Vickers硬度和断裂韧性分别为99.2%,13.965GPa和5.9MP·m1/2。 相似文献
19.
The d.c. electrical conductivity of sodium vanadate, rubidium vanadate, cesium vanadate and their solid solutions sodium-rubidium
vanadate and sodium-cesium vanadate were studied by a two-probe method in the temperature range covering their transition
points. The electrical conductivity shows sharp change at the phase transition temperature of these materials. In NaVO3, RbVO3 and CsVO3, increase in d.c. conductivity is observed in the ferroelectric region while nonlinearities are observed above transition
temperatures. In solid solutions, the activation energy in the paraelectric state is higher than that in the ferroelectric
state and depends upon sodium concentration. 相似文献
20.
以自行研制的一种复合酶为软化剂 ,研究了 p H值、反应温度、反应时间、酶用量以及铬含量对猪蓝湿皮软化效果的影响 ,其软化效果以软化液中羟脯氨酸的浓度增量来表征。研究结果表明 :通过蓝湿皮软化来改善成品革的质量是可行的 ,而且有明显的效果 ;以软化液中羟脯氨酸的浓度来表征软化效果是一个有效的方法 ;当用该复合酶软化猪蓝湿皮时 ,最适 p H值范围为 6 .0 - 6 .5 ;反应温度在 4 0 - 6 5℃之间时 ,软化效果随温度的升高而增大 ;在 5 5℃条件下 ,该酶有很好的热稳定性 ,能长时间保持活力不衰减 ;最适酶用量为 30 0 U/ g试样 ;蓝湿皮的铬含量对软化效果有影响 ,用该方法处理的蓝湿皮 ,其铬离子质量含量一般应≤ 2 .5 %。 相似文献