Enhanced intrinsic stability of the bulk heterojunction active layer blend of polymer solar cells by varying the polymer side chain pattern

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have acquired huge attention over the past years as potential renewable energy sources, adding attractive features such as aesthetics, semi-transparency, flexibility, large area printability, improved low-light performance, and cost-effectiveness to the well-known Si-based photovoltaics. Steady improvements in OPV power conversion efficiencies are continuously reported, notably for bulk heterojunction solar cells based on conjugated polymer:fullerene blends. However, apart from efficiency and cost, the stability of organic solar cell devices is of particular concern. Among the different factors contributing to OPV instability, gradual loss of the optimum phase-separated nanomorphology of the photoactive layer blend is a critical parameter. In this paper, we present the results of ‘shelf-life’ accelerated lifetime tests performed for devices containing a range of functionalized poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) donor polymers upon prolonged thermal stress. By the incorporation of functional moieties on the side chains of P3HT-based copolymers, a remarkable improvement of the intrinsic stability of the active layer blend morphology is accomplished, even for fairly low built-in ratios (5–15%) and without crosslinking to covalently anchor the polymer and/or fullerene molecules. Moreover, these alterations do not influence the initial power conversion efficiencies to a large extent. As such, the presented approach can be regarded as an attractive paradigm for OPV active layer stability.     

甲烷掺混氢气的燃烧特性试验研究

通过在定容燃烧室内研究不同的初始温度、初始压力、燃空当量比、掺氢比下甲烷-氢气-空气混合气的燃烧压力变化规律,得到了上述条件对混合气最大燃烧压力、最大压力升高率、火焰发展期、燃烧持续期以及最大燃烧压力循环变动的影响.研究结果表明:其他初始条件不变时,甲烷-氢气-空气混合气在高温低压时火焰传播的更快;随着甲烷中掺氢比增加...     

基于环氧树脂的低红外发射率材料研究

将环氧树脂与对醇酸清漆、聚氨酯清漆、酯胶清漆在红外性能、力学性能和耐化学性能方面进行比较,在红外性能差别不大的条件下,环氧树脂的力学性能和耐化学试剂性能优势突出,是制备红外复合涂层的理想粘合剂。对环氧树脂掺杂平均粒径48μm片状铝粉,对不同铝粉质量分数和不同厚度的涂层进行测试和表征。结果表明,以环氧树脂为基体制备出的低红外发射率材料,在铝粉质量分数为30%,漆膜厚为30～45μm时,红外发射率为0.25。     

端环氧基聚丁二烯的合成研究

以端羟聚丁二烯(HTPB)为引发剂,三氟化硼乙醚为催化剂,环氧氯丙烷为单体,发生阳离子开环聚合反应,形成两端为氯化聚醚的聚丁二烯(CTPB).在碱性条件下,CTPB发生关环反应形成端环氧基聚丁二烯(ETPB).讨论了NaOH/CTPB摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对CTPB关环反应的影响.ETPB环氧值为0.549.考察了...     

贴片胶涂布工艺技术的研究

主要介绍贴片胶的特性,在各种工艺下的使用方法及使用中出现的不良与对策,并给出了典型温度曲线以及温度曲线上主要控制点的工艺参数。     

Spontaneous Phase Separation of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s with Different Regioregularity for a Stretchable Semiconducting Film

Highly regioregular (RR) poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s PHTs are known to exhibit excellent electrical properties in comparison to chemically identical but regiorandom (rr) PHTs. In this study, distinct RR (97% and 55%)‐graded PHTs are subjected to solution blending to spontaneously separate the high‐RR PHT chains from the low‐RR PHT media and develop highly conjugated nanodomains in both solution and film. In the spun‐cast blend films, the rr PHT matrix imparts sufficient deformability of the channel layer required for stretchable organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs), compared to neat RR PHTs and blends with a deformable polymer. OTFTs including RR PHT/rr PHT blend films show excellent hole mobility (µ) values up to 0.13 cm² V^?1 s^?1, surpassing that of the best RR PHT films (0.026 cm² V^?1 s^?1) fabricated by ultrasound solution pretreatment. Furthermore, a 50% stretched RR PHT/rr PHT film maintains ≈55% of its µ value at no strain, while RR PHT films show a sudden decrease in µ even at 10% stretch. The simple blending approach imparts deformability to π‐conjugated polymer films for application in stretchable OTFTs.     

一类新型高导热环氧模塑料的制备

采用Si3N4陶瓷作填料,制备了一类新型高导热的环氧模塑料,研究了Si3N4的含量、分布及其形态对复合材料的导热性能及介电性能的影响。结果表明:随着Si3N4粉末体积填充量的增加,复合材料的热导率显著提高,当填充量体积分数为60%时,复合材料的热导率达到2.3W/(m·K),其介电常数随体积填充量的增加亦有所增加,但仍然维持在低水平。采用Agari模型进行理论计算的结果表明,该体系导热性能的提高与Si3N4填料之间热传导网络的形成有关。     

基于FBG的不同工艺下环氧树脂固化监测研究

不同工艺下复合材料固化时的温度变化、固化速率及产生的应变会对复合材料的成型质量产生巨大影响。针对在不同工艺条件下对树脂基复合材料固化过程的监测要求,采用将光纤布喇格光栅埋入环氧树脂内部的方法,对环氧树脂在恒温40℃和室温24℃两种不同工艺下的固化过程进行实时在线监测,固化时间均持续18h。结果表明,环氧树脂在恒温40℃工艺条件下固化时的温度变化、固化速率及产生的应变都比在室温24℃工艺条件下大。     

温度对玻璃纤维-环氧树脂润湿性的影响

采用Wilhelmy法测定不同温度下CYD128环氧树脂的表面张力和环氧树脂浸润ST,ECT,TM玻璃纤维的动态接触角,计算玻璃纤维的表面自由能及环氧树脂浸润玻璃纤维的热力学黏附功,分析了玻璃纤维-环氧树脂润湿特性。结果表明:室温升至60℃,环氧树脂的黏度及表面张力降低,环氧树脂与玻璃纤维的热力学黏附功升高,玻璃纤维与环氧树脂的润湿性逐步改善;高于60℃后影响较小。     

复配胶在低脂肉糜制品中的作用机理

研究了亲水胶体类脂肪代用品──复配胶在低脂肉糜制品中的作用机理，使用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）观察了添加复配胶的低脂肉制品的超微结构，提出了脂肪球分散在由蛋白质、复合多糖形成的三维网状结构中的模型，并对持水持油作用机理进行了探讨。