红霉素发酵液新型凝聚剂的研究

用凝聚剂SW 508处理红霉素发酵液,考察了滤液的平均滤速、抽提、成盐及溶媒消耗。结果表明:与锌盐凝聚剂相比较,使用新型凝聚剂SW 508可使产品收率提高12 8%,盐效价提高9 4μ/mg,溶媒消耗降低4 6%。     

高效液相色谱法在红霉素A肟贝克曼重排反应中的应用

建立了一种用于重排反应工艺监控和测定红霉素6,9亚胺醚及其相关化合物含量的反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为150mm×4 6mm,填料InertsilODS-3,粒径5μm,流动相为V(CH3CN)∶V〔c(KH2PO4)=0 033mol/L缓冲溶液〕=30∶70,流速0 8mL/min,柱温30℃;紫外检测波长205nm。该方法能够在12min内快速准确指认重排产物中化学性质差异较大的6种物质:红霉素A6,9亚胺醚、红霉素A9,11亚胺醚、红霉素A9位内酰胺、红霉素A8位内酰胺、红霉素E肟和Z肟,并且贝克曼重排产物在进样量13～100μg显示良好的线性关系(rA=0 9975;rB=0 9994;rC=0 9930)。     

离子液体[Bmim]PF6萃取红霉素动力学机理

研究探讨离子液体[Bmim]PF6萃取红霉素过程的动力学行为和特征,考察了温度以及传质界面积对萃取速率的影响。结果表明,离子液体[Bmim]PF6萃取红霉素的过程为化学反应控制过程,并确定萃取平衡方程式。一级反应动力学模型能很好的描述实验条件下离子液体对红霉素的萃取分离过程。     

红霉素6，9-亚胺醚制备的工艺研究

阿齐霉素的药物中间体-红霉素6,9-亚胺醚在工业上是通过红霉素A肟化,然后进行贝克曼重摊反应而得到的产物[1].但是这种工艺步骤繁多,操作复杂.大量含卤易挥发性溶剂的使用对环境产生严重污染.文章通过研究红霉素A肟和硫氰酸红零素A肟盐的贝克曼重排反应机理,对合成工艺做了如下改进:改用硫氰酸红霉素A肟盐为原料,直接进行重排反应.在0℃条件下将产物析出,过滤,洗涤,干燥.得到产品红霉素6,9-亚胺醚.收率为77.4%,纯度达到95%以上,完全符合制备阿齐毒素下一步反应的需要.     

Proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes in microbial consortia of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) upon exposure to trace erythromycin or erythromycin-H2O

A variety of antibiotics and their metabolites at sub-inhibitory level concentrations are suspected to expand resistance genes in the environment. However, knowledge is limited on the causal correlation of trace antibiotics or their metabolites with resistance proliferation. In this study, erythromycin (ERY) resistance genes were screened on microbial consortia of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) after one year acclimation to ERY (100 μg/L) or dehydrated erythromycin (ERY-H₂O, 50 μg/L). The identified esterase gene ereA explains that ERY could be degraded to six products by microbes acclimated to ERY (100 μg/L). However, ERY could not be degraded by microbes acclimated to ERY-H₂O (50 μg/L), which may be due to the less proliferated ereA gene. Biodegradation of ERY required the presence of exogenous carbon source (e.g., glucose) and nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus) for assimilation, but overdosed ammonium-N (>40 mg/L) inhibited degradation of ERY. Zoogloea, a kind of biofilm formation bacteria, became predominant in the ERY degradation consortia, suggesting that the input of ERY could induce biofilm resistance to antibiotics. Our study highlights that lower μg/L level of ERY or ERY-H₂O in the environment encourages expansion of resistance genes in microbes.     

培养基中无机盐对红霉素A含量的影响

红色糖多孢菌在含不同有机氮源的培养基中发酵生产红霉素时,红霉素效价和含量明显不同.对不同有机氮源培养基中无机盐含量进行聚类分析,结果发现,锌对红霉素A含量有明显影响,并对此进行了验证实验.     

硫氰酸红霉素的制备

报道了红霉素与 HAc、Na SCN反应制备硫氰酸红霉素的方法 ,同时讨论了其原料配比、溶液 p H值和反应时间对收率的影响 ,优化条件下 ,收率可达 95%左右。     

阿奇霉素和红霉素儿科临床应用的比较

根据临床中遇到的问题,结合相关文献,应用阿奇霉素半衰期计算其在连续用药和间隔用药中每日体内药量,讨论阿奇霉素和红霉素在临床应用中的抗菌作用、半衰期及不良反应。     

Study on new solvent extraction systems for erythromycin

New solvent systems for the extraction of erythromycin were studied in which octanol was used as the extractant instead of butyl acetate. The mechanism for these new extraction systems is not simple physical distribution but the formation of a neutral complex of erythromycin. A neutral extraction complex formed between the neutral molecules of erythromycin and extractant by hydrogen bonding, and the formed neutral extraction complex moves into the organic phase. Extraction reaction equations and mathematical models of extraction equilibrium and re‐extraction equilibrium are proposed for these new extraction systems. Experimental results show that the new extraction systems offer technological and economic advantages owing to the low solubility of the extraction solvents in the aqueous phase. The solvent consumption of the new extraction process was less than 3kg per billion active units compared with 9–10 kg per billion active units for a butyl acetate extraction system. In addition, the recovery of solvent from raffinate may be eliminated, thus reducing energy consumption. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

红霉素的化学结构修饰

叙述了阻止酸催化失活的途径及红霉素的结构修饰进展,介绍了新衍生物的特性及其合成方法。