壳聚糖-荔枝木质精油可食膜延长刀额新对虾的货架期

为了解壳聚糖-荔枝木质精油可食膜对刀额新对虾的保鲜效果,以添加8%荔枝木质精油的壳聚糖复合膜(V/V,以壳聚糖溶液体积计)浸涂刀额新对虾,进行4℃保鲜试验;在6 d的贮藏期内,进行刀额新对虾的感官指标及品质指标(p H、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile base-nitrogen,TVB-N)、质构、色差及菌落总数)测定。研究发现:壳聚糖-荔枝木质精油可食膜浸涂使刀额新对虾的货架期有效延长,普通无菌保鲜膜保存货架期为3 d,浸涂复合膜保鲜可延长至6 d;感官及品质指标变化幅度均显著变缓,保鲜膜保存TVB-N含量在第4 d时为31.58 mg/100 g,已无食用价值;而复合膜保存在第6 d仍低于30 mg/100 g;保鲜膜保存p H在4 d时超过7.6,而复合膜保存在第6 d时丧失食用价值;从菌落总数角度看,保鲜膜保存第3 d达到腐败终点:6.89 lg(CFU/g);而复合膜保鲜的刀额新对虾菌落总数仍在一级鲜度。研究表明:壳聚糖-荔枝木质精油可食膜对刀额新对虾有较好的保鲜效果,可延长刀额新对虾的货架期3 d。本研究对精油壳聚糖复合膜的水产品使用方式提供参考。     

Microencapsulation of Oils: A Comprehensive Review of Benefits,Techniques, and Applications

Microencapsulation is a process of building a functional barrier between the core and wall material to avoid chemical and physical reactions and to maintain the biological, functional, and physicochemical properties of core materials. Microencapsulation of marine, vegetable, and essential oils has been conducted and commercialized by employing different methods including emulsification, spray‐drying, coaxial electrospray system, freeze‐drying, coacervation, in situ polymerization, melt‐extrusion, supercritical fluid technology, and fluidized‐bed‐coating. Spray‐drying and coacervation are the most commonly used techniques for the microencapsulation of oils. The choice of an appropriate microencapsulation technique and wall material depends upon the end use of the product and the processing conditions involved. Microencapsulation has the ability to enhance the oxidative stability, thermostability, shelf‐life, and biological activity of oils. In addition, it can also be helpful in controlling the volatility and release properties of essential oils. Microencapsulated marine, vegetable, and essential oils have found broad applications in various fields. This review describes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various oils, microencapsulation techniques, and application of encapsulated oils in various food, pharmaceutical, and even textile products. Moreover, this review may provide information to researchers working in the field of food, pharmacy, agronomy, engineering, and nutrition who are interested in microencapsulation of oils.     

Oregano: chemical analysis and evaluation of its antimalarial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities

Abstract: GC‐FID and GC‐MS analysis of essential oil from oregano leaves (Origanum compactum) resulted in the identification of 46 compounds, representing more than 98% of the total composition. Carvacrol was the predominant compound (36.46%), followed by thymol (29.74%) and p‐cymene (24.31%). Serial extractions with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water were performed on aerials parts of Origanum compactum. In these extracts, different chemical families were characterized: polyphenols (gallic acid equivalent 21.2 to 858.3 g/kg), tannins (catechin equivalent 12.4 to 510.3 g/kg), anthocyanins (cyanidin equivalent 0.38 to 5.63 mg/kg), and flavonoids (quercetin equivalent 14.5 to 54.7 g/kg). The samples (essential oil and extracts) were subjected to a screening for antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS assays) and antimalarial activities and against human breast cancer cells. The essential oil showed a higher antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀= 2 ± 0.1 mg/L. Among the extracts, the aqueous extract had the highest antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀= 4.8 ± 0.2 mg/L (DPPH assay). Concerning antimalarial activity, Origanum compactum essential oil and ethyl acetate extract showed the best results with an IC₅₀ of 34 and 33 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, ethyl acetate extract (30 mg/L) and ethanol extract (56 mg/L) showed activity against human breast cancer cells (MCF7). The oregano essential oil was considered to be nontoxic.     

Development of a method employing reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography for establishing milk fat purity with respect to adulteration with vegetable oils

A systematic study was conducted using reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography wherein unsaponifiable matter of samples namely, pure cow and buffalo milk fats, vegetable oils (groundnut oil, soya bean oil and sunflower oil) and milk fats adulterated with vegetable oils (≥1%) were run along with the reference standards using two new solvent systems to detect adulteration in milk fat. The results of the study revealed that adulteration at even a 1% level could easily be detected using this rapid, reliable and reproducible method based on the presence of β‐sitosterol as a marker and some additional spots ascribable to their occurrence in vegetable oils only.     

超临界CO_2萃取柚子叶、花精油的GC-MS分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取柚子叶、花中的精油,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定,并用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量。结果表明:从柚子叶精油中分离出61个色谱峰,鉴定出39个化合物,占总离子峰相对含量的90.05%。其主要化学成分有匙叶桉油烯醇(21.36%),石竹烯氧化物(17.16%),β-石竹烯(8.40%),α-石竹烯(2.07%),异芳萜烯氧化物(2.01%)等。从柚子花精油中分离出42个色谱峰,鉴定出27个化合物,占总离子峰相对含量的89.31%。其主要化学成分有金合欢醇(19.02%)、橙花叔醇(18.24%),龙脑(6.60%),芳樟醇(4.03%),橙花醇(2.57%)等。柚子叶与柚子花精油共同鉴定出的化合物有橙花醇、香叶醇、香叶酸、β-石竹烯等12种,其相对含量存在不同程度差异。     

天然维生素E的抗氧化性及其影响因素的分析与探讨

作为抗氧化剂的天然维生素E在油脂中对油脂自动氧化和光氧化有抑制作用。油脂自动氧化和光氧化的主要原因是由于单线态氧和自由基的存在，维生素E能猝灭单线态氧并抑制自由基反应。自由基、添加不同的增效剂、微波处理、不同温度、加入单独的生育酚和生育酚混合物以及抗氧化剂的加入量都对维生素E在油脂中的抗氧化性有不同程度的影响。     

油脂氢化三元金属催化剂制备及性能研究注(II)——制备条件的研究

本文在金属元素和组成固定的条件下 ,利用正交实验研究了催化剂的制备条件 (沉淀温度A、老化平衡时间B、干燥温度C、加料方式D)对大豆油加氢催化剂活性与选择性的影响 ,发现影响催化剂活性的顺序是D >A >B >C ,影响亚麻酸选择性指数SⅡ 的顺序是A >B >D >C ,亚油酸选择性指数SⅠ 的顺序是B >A >C >D ,其最佳制备条件是沉淀温度 70℃ ,老化平衡时间 4 0min ,干燥温度 1 0 5℃ ,加料方式为并加法。并利用线性回归方法建立了大豆油氢化时亚麻酸与亚油酸的选择性指数SⅡ 和SⅠ 与主要制备条件 (A/K、B/min、C/K)之间的关系 ,即SⅡ =-2 .6386 0 .0 1 0 4A 0 .0 0 55B 0 .0 0 31 33CSⅠ =0 .1 60 7 0 .0 0 0 8A 0 .0 0 1 89B 0 .0 0 53C     

Physicochemical properties and application of micronized cornstarch in low fat cream

With normal cornstarch (CS) as material, micronized starch was prepared first by acid hydrolyzed pretreatment and then ball-milling (HMS). A control sample (MS) was prepared by ball-milling without pretreatment. Particle size and shape of micronized starch were investigated, and its application in low fat cream was studied. The Maltase cross of HMS granules almost disappeared and the particle size clearly decreased. It was evident that acid-lintnerised starch granules were more susceptible to break down upon milling. However, the granules would aggregate with an increase in milling time. Compared with full-fat cream, the apparent viscosity of low-fat cream increased, while fat globules partial coalescence rate, overrun and textural properties decreased with the increasing of the fat replacement rate. The average particle size of whipped cream increased with the increase of whipping time. Results indicate that a 15% fat replacement rate would produce cream with good foaming and storage stability.     

荧光化学发光法研究吴茱萸精油的抗氧化作用

用精制的吴茱萸挥发油进行抗氧化研究,用荧光化学发光法测定了吴茱萸精油对活性氧自由基的清除作用.实验中采用了 Vc 作为标准对照物,结果表明,吴茱萸精油能够显著清除机体外产生的超活性氧,并呈现量效关系.     

Updated estimate of trans fat intake by the US population

The dietary intake of industrially-produced trans fatty acids (IP-TFA) was estimated for the US population (aged 2 years or more), children (aged 2–5 years) and teenage boys (aged 13–18 years) using the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) food consumption database, market share information and trans fat levels based on label survey data and analytical data for packaged and in-store purchased foods. For fast foods, a Monte Carlo model was used to estimate IP-TFA intake. Further, the intake of trans fat was also estimated using trans fat levels reported in the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 22 (SR 22, 2009) and the 2003–2006 NHANES food consumption database. The cumulative intake of IP-TFA was estimated to be 1.3?g per person per day (g/p/d) at the mean for the US population. Based on this estimate, the mean dietary intake of IP-TFA has decreased significantly from that cited in the 2003 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) final rule that established labelling requirements for trans fat (4.6?g/p/d for adults). Although the overall intake of IP-TFA has decreased as a result of the implementation of labelling requirements, individuals with certain dietary habits may still consume high levels of IP-TFA if certain brands or types of food products are frequently chosen.