聚羧酸助磨剂合成及其性能

利用水泥粉磨过程中的机械力促使水解聚马来酸酐（HPMA）与聚乙二醇单甲醚（MPEG）进行酯化反应形成聚羧酸助磨剂。试验研究了HPMA、MPEG、HPMA与MPEG的混合物、HPMA与MPEG的反应合成物对水泥助磨效果以及对砂浆性能的影响。结果表明,HPMA与MPEG都有一定的助磨性,HPMA与MPEG的混合物和反应合成物具有更佳的助磨性能,且可以改善水泥砂浆的流动性能和显著提高水泥砂浆的早期强度。激光拉曼光谱测试表明HPMA与MPEG的混合物和反应合成物与水泥共同粉磨后吸附在水泥颗粒表面,具有相似的拉曼位移图谱。     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯的合成

阐述了以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 ( AEO3)为起始剂 ,五氧化二磷为磷化剂 ,经直接酯化 ,水解制备脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯。酯化反应:AEO3/P2 O5为 3.1 /1 ( mol/mol) ,温度为 60～70℃ ,时间为 6～ 7h;水解 :加水量为 4% ,温度为 60～ 70℃ ,时间为 2 h。酯化率大于 78% ;活性物质量分数大于 83% ;无机磷质量分数 <1 %。     

乙酸乙酯合成反应液的快速气相色谱分析

利用充填有GDX—104(60～80目)的不锈钢色谱柱,以氢气做载气,TCD检测器检测,分析了乙酸乙酯合成反应液中反应物与产物的含量。本方法的精密度与准确度均较高,RSD为0.89％,回收率为99.5％,难分离物质对的分离度R>1.2,分析时间小于3min。     

粗异戊烯的醚化

研究了苯磺酸型树脂催化的异戊烯和甲醇的醚化,考查了温度、醇烯比和空速对反应的影响。结果表明在反应温度为59～67℃、甲醇与异戊烯的摩尔比值为1 4～1 6、液时空速为1 1～1 5h-1时反应的转化率大于70%。     

聚乙二醇对脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚低温浑浊影响的研究

通过一系列低温浑浊试验考察了聚乙二醇含量与分子质量对脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO3)低温浑浊的影响，并分析AEO3低温分层后的上清液和下层浑浊物中聚乙二醇的含量与分布，发现分子质量在600以上的聚乙二醇是影响AEO3低温浑浊的重要原因。     

醇醚羧酸盐在日化产品中的应用性能研究

考察了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚乙酸钠(AE9C Na)的生物降解性和酸、碱水解稳定性,研究了AE9C Na在洗衣粉、肥皂及香波中的应用性能。结果表明,AE9C Na易生物降解,在整个pH值范围内具有良好的酸、碱水解稳定性;在普通肥皂中添加AE9C Na作钙皂分散剂,大大提高了其去污力、抗硬水性,在冷水中的溶解性及织物洗后纤维表面的光滑柔软性;与洗衣粉各助剂及常用各类型表面活性剂配伍性能良好,特别在高硬度水中显示出强大的去污力和钙皂分散能力;在香波中表现出强的起泡、稳泡能力和良好的增调作用。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成乙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯

将硫酸氢钠作为由乙二醇单甲醚和乙酸酯化合成乙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯的催化剂。研究了反应的影响因素和催化剂重复使用性能。当n(乙二醇单甲醚)∶n(乙酸)∶n(硫酸氢钠)＝1∶1.75∶0.003 62、苯为带水剂、回流分水60 min时,酯收率达90.0%。     

Effect of bentonite on the physical properties and drug‐release behavior of poly(AA‐co‐PEGMEA)/bentonite nanocomposite hydrogels for mucoadhesive

A series of nanocomposite hydrogels for mucoadhesive were prepared from acrylic acid, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate, and intercalated bentonite clay by photopolymerization. The microstructures were identified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that the swelling ratio for the present nanocomposite hydrogels decreased with an increase of bentonite, whereas the gel strength and Young's modulus of the present gels increased with an increase of bentonite. However, the adhesive force of the present gels did not decrease with an increase of bentonite. XRD results indicated that the exfoliation of bentonite was achieved in the xerogels and swollen gels. Finally, the drug‐release behaviors for these gels were also assessed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2934–2941, 2004     

Feeding response of Ips paraconfusus to phloem and phloem metabolites of Heterobasidion annosum-inoculated ponderosa pine,Pinus ponderosa

In studies of feeding by the bark beetle, Ips paraconfusus, two pine stilbenes (pinosylvin and pinosylvin methyl ether), ferulic acid glucoside, and enantiomers of the four most common sugars present in ponderosa pine phloem (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and raffinose) did not stimulate or reduce male feeding when assayed on wet -cellulose with or without stimulatory phloem extractives present. When allowed to feed on wet -cellulose containing sequential extracts (hexane, methanol, and water) of ponderosa pine phloem, methanol and water extractives stimulated feeding, but hexane extractives did not. Males confined in wet -cellulose containing aqueous or organic extracts of culture broths derived from phloem tissue and containing the root pathogen, Heterobasidion annosum, ingested less substrate than beetles confined to control preparations. In an assay using logs from uninoculated ponderosa pines, the mean lengths of phloem in the digestive tracts increased as time spent feeding increased. Males confined to the phloem of basal logs cut from ponderosa pines artificially inoculated with H. annosum ingested significantly less phloem than beetles in logs cut from trees that were (combined) mock-inoculated or uninoculated and did not contain the pathogen. However, individual pathogen-containing treatments were not significantly different from uninoculated controls. It was concluded that altered feeding rates are not a major factor which may explain why diseased ponderosa pines are colonized by I. paraconfusus.     

用于脱除C5及MTBE中甲醇的渗透汽化膜研究

Several pervaporation membranes, cellulose acetate (CA), polyvinylbutyral (PVB), poly(MMA-co-AA), MMA-AA-BA, CA/PVB blend and CA/poly(MMA-co-AA) blend, were prepared, and their pervaporation properties were evaluated by separation of methanol/C5 or methanol/MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether). The results shows that the CA composite membrane has a high separation performance (flux Jmenthanol =350g.m-2.h-1 and separation factor a > 400) for methanol/C5 mixtures, and the pervaporation characteristics of MMA-AA-BA copolymer membranes changes with the ratio of copolymer. For CA/poly(MMA-co-AA) blend membrane, the pervaporation performance is improved in comparison with CA or poly(MMA-co-AA) membrane. From the experiment of CA/PVB blend membranes for methanol/MTBE mixture, it is found that the compatibility of blends may affect the separation features of blend membrane.