Selective vapor phase hydroformylation of ethylene over cluster-derived cobalt catalyst

Vapor phase hydroformylation of ethylene was studied with silica-supported metal catalysts. A cobalt metal catalyst derived from Co₂(CO)₈ gave propanal and its derivatives in as high selectivity of about 36% as Rh/SiO₂ catalyst under the reaction conditions of 1.1 MPa of a gas-mixture of ArCOC₂H₄H₂ = 1333 at 423–503 K. On the other hand, conventional cobalt catalysts derived from cobalt nitrate, chloride, or acetate, and other noble metal catalysts (Pd/SiO₂ and Ir/SiO₂) produced mainly ethane.     

高纯纳米碳酸锶干燥设备的选型和使用

微波干燥器用于干燥高纯纳米碳酸锶,其热效率比传统干燥方法提高5%～10%,可达80%以上,生产环境大大改善,提高了碳酸锶的干燥技术水平。     

二氧化碳和富氧空气对甲烷与乙烯燃烧的影响

利用碳氢燃烧实验台,研究了二氧化碳和富氧空气对甲烷、乙烯层流燃烧火焰的特性影响,分析了不同气氛下火焰结构特性和温度分布规律. 结果表明,随氧浓度从21%增加到50%(j),甲烷、乙烯火焰高度下降70%,火焰温度和亮度同时增加,且发光区域呈向下收缩趋势;相同氧浓度下,乙烯火焰亮度高于甲烷. 随CO2浓度由0增加到20%(j),火焰高度增加28%,各高度处火焰边缘温度平均下降290℃,中心温度平均下降132℃. 火焰亮度降低,由黄色变为暗黄色,底部亮度更低,CO2浓度超过20%(j)后,火焰出现悬浮状态,最终被吹熄.     

卤素负载锌-腺嘌呤骨架材料的构建及无助剂催化CO2环加成反应

富氮型金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）具有良好的CO₂捕集性能,但其CO₂催化性能常需添加带氢键或亲核基团的助催化剂。以硝酸锌-腺嘌呤-异烟酸［Zn（NO₃）₂-Ad-Int-DMF］构建稳健的骨架材料,发现其催化合成碳酸丙烯酯（PC）收率不足2%;尝试选型锌盐前体引入亲核卤素,在DMF溶剂中部分卤代锌盐不能络合结晶成MOFs,而形成的ZnI₂-Ad-Int-DMF收率提升至19.5%;溶剂由DMF调变为H₂O-DMF混合溶剂,H₂O的引入避免了卤素对金属和配体间络合的影响,使得以ZnCl₂、ZnBr₂和ZnI₂为前体均能晶化成MOFs,其热分解起始温度（Tonset,434℃）明显高于ZnI₂-Ad-Int-DMF（280℃）,而比表面积（<14 m²/g）明显小于后者（571 m²/g）,造成活性低于后者。通过CO₂吸附脉冲和UV-Vis漫反射推测I^-由于与Zn碱位的相互作用而均匀吸附于骨架上。进而,在无助剂、无溶剂工况下对CO₂环加成反应进行活性评价。温度升高显著提升PC产率,140℃下ZnI₂-Ad-Int-DMF催化产率可达98.5%,但由于吸附在骨架上的卤素在高温、溶剂环境下会脱落,造成重复性实验中活性下降,而该类MOFs在反应前后骨架保持稳定,未造成坍塌或明显孔堵塞现象。后续如能强化卤素的吸附或温和化反应条件,则具有良好的应用潜力。     

DCC-plus技术及其产品灵活性

中国石化石油化工科学研究院开发的增强型催化裂解(DCC-plus)技术采用多反应区组合反应器型式,不仅能够实现不同反应区的分区精准控制,而且耦合了C₄馏分和轻汽油馏分循环裂化技术,强化了重质原料油的一次裂化反应和汽油馏分的二次裂化反应,在大幅度提高丙烯产率的同时可以降低干气和焦炭产率。DCC-plus技术已经在多个炼油厂得到了工业应用,其中大榭石化的2.2 Mt/a DCC-plus装置的乙烯和丙烯产率分别可以达到5.16%和21.55%。DCC-plus技术具有很好的产品灵活性,通过工艺操作参数和催化剂配方的调整,可以实现不同目标产品的灵活切换,为我国炼油行业的转型升级提供了一条可靠的途径。     

锂盐改性累托石处理染料废水

采用锂盐对累托石进行改性,研究其最佳改性条件及吸附亚甲基蓝的热力学和动力学规律.以碳酸锂为改性剂,碳酸锂与草酸用量比为0.8∶1,试验出改性的最佳条件为：碳酸锂与累托石质量比为5%,固液比为1∶20,改性时间为3 h.改性后累托石对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附性能明显优于未改性的累托石,吸附量提高了65%;热力学和动力学探究表明,改性累托石对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程符合Langmuir规律,动力学符合Lagergren准二级动力学规律.     

碳羟基磷灰石对废水中Cd2+的吸附

利用废弃蛋壳制备碳羟基磷灰石,并利用其吸附废水中的Cd2 .考察了Cd2 初始浓度、pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量以及温度等因素对吸附效果的影响,结果表明:当废水中Cd2 初始浓度为30 mg/L、pH=7、吸附时间35 m in、温度35℃时,碳羟基磷灰石对Cd2 去除率高达99.9%.吸附实验还表明该吸附符合Freundlich方程.     

Facile Synthesis of 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2 Microcrystals and Its Catalytic Behavior for Transesterification of Dimethyl Carbonate with Phenol

Polyhedron lead hydroxide carbonate （2PbCO3·Pb（OH）2 ） microcrystals have been prepared in solution phase via a facile method in the presence of surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB）. All the samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction ,pattern （XRD）, field-emission scanning electron mi- croscopy （FE-SEM）, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）, and selected area electron diffraction （SAED）. The possible growth mechanism was discussed. 2PbCO3·Pb（OH）2 microcrystals were found to be a novel and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of diphenyl carbonate （DPC） by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate （DMC） with phenol. Compared with some other catalysts, such as AlCl3, ZnCl2, and Mg5（CO3）4（OH）2, 2PbCO3·Pb（OH）2 microcrystals are stable and show relatively high activity at low catalyst amount. When the reaction was carried out at 180 12, with a molar ratio of phenol to DMC of 2：1, a reaction time 14 h, and a catalyst amount 0.2% （molar ratio to phenol）, the selectivity of DPC and methyl phenyl carbonate （MPC） was 14.7% and 78.8%, respectively.     

Acid rain effects on the exterior durability of architectural coatings on wood

Acid rain is an important consequence of pollutants generated by modern industrial societies and is known to cause damage to ecological systems, construction materials and cultural artifacts. The assessment of the damage caused to paint films has included laboratory, exposure chamber, and exterior weathering experiments. This study uses visual assessment of paints applied directly to southern yellow pine and exposed at 30° south to either natural acid rain or deionized water spray sites in North Carolina and Ohio to determine damage by acid rain. An acrylic latex paint with a pigment volume concentration (PVC) of 52 and a volume solids (VS) of 35% was formulated with calcium carbonate or sodium potassium alumino-silicate extenders. This high PVC paint formulation is one known to stress the binding capacity of the latex and thus produce early grain cracking failures over bare wood. Major effects observed include severe yellowing and increased mildewing of the carbonate containing paints exposed to acid rain. While acid rain can damage exterior paints, much of the damage can be minimized by careful selection of the polymers and pigments used in the formulation.     

银保护灰吹铅试金-高分辨率连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铁粉中痕量金

铁粉是提取Au的重要原料,故需准确测定铁粉中的Au。采用自制并提纯的碱式碳酸铅作为捕集剂熔融得到铅扣,经加银保护灰吹铅扣将Au进一步富集在银合粒中,压制银合粒成片,采用先加入HNO₃加热溶解,再加入HCl加热溶解的方式溶解银片,使Au完全溶解进入溶液,选择像素点为5,采用高分辨率连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱法(HR-CS-FAAS)进行分析,实现了对铁粉样品中Au的测定。实验比较了王水加热溶解-聚氨酯泡沫塑料富集分离和加Ag保护灰吹铅试金法两种样品处理方法。结果表明,采用王水加热溶解样品不能将样品溶解完全,且Au的测定结果相比加Ag保护灰吹铅试金法显著偏低,而采用铅试金法处理样品,样品熔融状态较好、熔渣流动性好,可使Au完全富集在铅扣中。对银合粒的溶解方法进行了试验,结果表明,采用加HNO₃加热溶解后再加HCl的分步加热溶解方式可将银合粒溶解完全。共存离子干扰试验表明,样品中的共存离子不干扰测定。在选定的优化实验条件下,Au的吸光度与其对应的质量浓度运用二次方程最小二乘法拟合校准曲线,校准曲线决定系数为0.999 9;方法检出限为0.005 25 μg/g,定量限为0.017 32 μg/g。将所建立的方法应用于实际铁粉样品中0.56~12.6 μg/g Au的测定,结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.3%～3.7%,加标回收率为92%～107%,满足国家地质矿产行业标准DZ/T 0130—2006对于回收率的要求。