衬底温度对射频磁控溅射制备氮化硅薄膜的影响

采用射频磁控反应溅射技术,以N2和Ar为反应气体在普通玻璃表面沉积了氮化硅(SiN)薄膜;利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能量耗散谱、台阶仪和紫外-可见光谱,研究了不同衬底温度对SiN薄膜的相结构、表面形貌和成分、薄膜厚度以及光性能的影响.结果表明;制备的SiN薄膜为富硅结构;提高衬底温度,可增加光学带隙;当衬底温度为450℃时,薄膜由尺寸约为40 nm的SiN晶粒组成,且在紫外-可见光区的透过率高达90%.     

一种微型Pt温度传感器及其读出电路的研究

基于电阻温度系数(TCR)原理及微机电系统技术,设计并制作了一种用于微型聚合酶链式反应(PCR)芯片的Pt温度传感器及其读出电路。利用溅射和剥离技术将厚度为100 nm的弯曲条形Pt传感器制作在硅衬底上。其长度和宽度分别为2 030μm和10μm。设计了基于四线法温度测量的读出电路,该电路主要包括一个恒流源电路和一个电压放大电路。测试结果表明,该传感器的电阻温度系数为1.48×10-3℃-1,其电阻变化随着温度的变化具有良好的线性度,当温度在27～100℃变化时,电阻范围在653.5～716.5Ω变化。在接出一个8位的模数转换器以后,整个传感器和读出电路能确保一个精度为0.2℃的温度控制,满足一般PCR测量需要。     

Core–Shell Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen is a promising solution for the conversion and storage of solar energy. Because sluggish water oxidation is the bottleneck of water splitting, the design and preparation of an efficient photoanode is intensively investigated. Currently, all known photoanode materials suffer from at least one of the following drawbacks: ① low carriers separation efficiency; ② sluggish surface water oxidation reaction; ③ poor long-term stability; ④ insufficient water adsorption and gas desorption. Core–shell configurations can endow a photoanode with improved activity and stability by coating an overlayer that plays energetic, catalytic, and/or protective roles. The construction strategy has an important effect on the activity of a core–shell photoanode. Nonetheless, the mechanism for the improvement of performance is still ambiguous and is worthy of a closer examination. In this review, the successes and challenges of core–shell photoanodes for water oxidation, focusing on synthesis strategies as well as functionalities (facilitating carrier separation, surface reaction promotion, corrosion prevention, and bubble detachment) are explored. Finally, the perspectives of this class of materials in terms of new opportunities and efforts are discussed.     

航天反射镜材料SiC

航天反射镜材料的一些优选性质包括密度低、弹性模量高、热膨胀系数低及热传导率高。与传统光学材料相比,碳化硅(SiC)具有优异的机械和热性能,被认为是引入注目的反射镜材料。本文概述了SiC的基体成形工艺和机械精加工工艺,讨论了其优缺点,并概述了国内外的发展现状。     

Effect of multiple reflows on interfacial reaction and shear strength of Sn-Ag electroplated solder bumps for flip chip package

The effect of displacement rate and intermetallic compound (IMC) growth on the shear strength of electroplated Sn-2.5Ag (in wt.%) flip chip solder with Cu under-bump metallization (UBM) were investigated after multiple reflows. Cu₆Sn₅ IMC was formed at the interface after one reflow. After five reflows, two different IMC layers, consisting of a scallop-shaped Cu₆Sn₅ phase and a planar Cu₃Sn phase, and their thicknesses increased with increasing reflow number up to 10. The shear strengths peaked after four reflows, and then decreased with increasing reflow number. Increasing displacement rate increased the shear force. The tendency toward brittle fracture characteristics was intensified with increasing displacement rate and reflow number.     

黑索今基含铝炸药烤燃实验和数值模拟

含铝（Al）炸药在烤燃过程中,Al粉会改变炸药内部传热机制从而影响炸药热反应,因此需要研究含Al炸药热反应特征。采用多点测温烤燃法,对压装黑索今（RDX）/石蜡（WAX）（96/4）炸药进行了烤燃实验,获得了炸药内部不同位置处温度变化;结合数值模拟计算,标定了RDX炸药反应动力学模型参数;分别采用多点测温烤燃法和烤燃弹法,对压装RDX/Al/Binder（60/31/9）和熔铸梯恩梯（TNT）/RDX/Al（60/24/16）两种含Al炸药进行了烤燃实验,获得了炸药内部温度变化及点火时间。建立含Al炸药热反应计算模型,计算分析了炸药热反应特征。对RDX/Al/Binder考虑了Al粉的吸热和热传导;对TNT/RDX/Al考虑了相变及多步热分解反应,并采用多组元网格单元计算法同时考虑Al粉的吸热;对炸药烤燃实验进行了数值模拟计算,通过与实验结果比较验证了计算结果的准确性。研究结果表明：Al粉的加入会加快压装RDX/Al/Binder（60/31/9）含Al炸药内部的传热速率,缩短其点火时间,降低炸药热安全性;Al粉的加入对铸装TNT/RDX/Al（60/24/16）含Al炸药的传热过程没有显著影响。     

Dimethylarsine: Pyrolysis mechanisms and use for OMVPE growth

The pyrolysis mechanisms of dimethylarsine (DMAsH) have been studied mass spectrometrically in an atmospheric pressure flow tube reactor. In either the D₂ or He ambient, DMAsH will be converted to trimethylarsine (TMAs) at temperatures of 400–500° via a homogeneous CH₃ radical chain reaction. Supplemental CH₃ radicals, produced from azomethane ((CH₃)₂N₂) pyrolysis, have resulted in a significant increase in the pyrolysis rate for DMAsH. As temperature is increased beyond 500°, the product TMAs will decompose due to hydrogenolysis in D₂ and homolysis in He. At a GaAs surface, DMAsH pyrolyzes heterogeneously. The pyrolysis rate is further accelerated by the addition of trimethylgallium (TMGa). DMAsH has also been combined with TMGa to grow GaAs layers. The as-grown epilayers, at 1 atm and substrate temperatures of 570–720°, are allp-type with the net hole concentration dependent on the carrier gas. The use of N₂ leads to a higher concentration as compared to that in H₂. Photoluminescence spectra have indicated the acceptor to be carbon. A mechanism is developed to interpret these results based on the pyrolysis reactions determined from the kinetic studies.     

Carbon Black-Supported Single-Atom Co?N?C as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for H2O2 Production in Acidic Media and Microbial Fuel Cell in Neutral Media

Single metal atom isolated in nitrogen-doped carbon materials (M N C) are effective electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which produces H₂O₂ or H₂O via 2-electron or 4-electron process. However, most of M N C catalysts can only present high selectivity for one product, and the selectivity is usually regulated by complicated structure design. Herein, a carbon black-supported Co N C catalyst (CB@Co N C) is synthesized. Tunable 2-electron/4-electron behavior is realized on CB@Co-N-C by utilizing its H₂O₂ yield dependence on electrolyte pH and catalyst loading. In acidic media with low catalyst loading, CB@Co N C presents excellent mass activity and high selectivity for H₂O₂ production. In flow cell with gas diffusion electrode, a H₂O₂ production rate of 5.04 mol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ is achieved by CB@Co N C on electrolyte circulation mode, and a long-term H₂O₂ production of 200 h is demonstrated on electrolyte non-circulation mode. Meanwhile, CB@Co N C exhibits a dominant 4-electron ORR pathway with high activity and durability in pH neutral media with high catalyst loading. The microbial fuel cell using CB@Co N C as the cathode catalyst shows a peak power density close to that of benchmark Pt/C catalyst.     

1-氯-1,1-二硝基-2-(N-氯脒基)乙烷的合成、表征和晶体结构

采用高锰酸钾/盐酸体系氧化氨基的方法获得了1-氯-1,1-二硝基-2-(N-氯脒基)乙烷,收率为70%,用核磁、红外、质谱、元素分析等方法对该产物进行了结构表征.以二氯甲烷为溶剂制备出了其单晶,用X射线单晶衍射仪测定了晶体结构.结果表明,该化合物的分子式为C2H2Cl2N4O4,相对分子质量为216.98,该晶体为正交...     

端环氧基聚丁二烯的合成研究

以端羟聚丁二烯(HTPB)为引发剂,三氟化硼乙醚为催化剂,环氧氯丙烷为单体,发生阳离子开环聚合反应,形成两端为氯化聚醚的聚丁二烯(CTPB).在碱性条件下,CTPB发生关环反应形成端环氧基聚丁二烯(ETPB).讨论了NaOH/CTPB摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对CTPB关环反应的影响.ETPB环氧值为0.549.考察了...