ECO-HYDRAULICS TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROLLING EUTROPHICATION OF SMALL SCENERY LAKES-A CASE STUDY OF LUDAO LAKE IN SHANGHAI

The Ludao Lake with an area of 0.86 km2 and 50% water surface ratio, was taken as an example to study the eco-hydraulics techniques for preventing lake eutrophication. Besides external water inflow and outflow, the term related to internal local flow circulation was added in the continuity equation of two-dimensional horizontal hydrodynamic model, and further the hydrodynamic model was calibrated by the scenario of no water exchange. The velocity of 0.2 m/s was suggested to be the critical velocity of controlling algal bloom. To achieve the critical velocity in the whole lake, three factors were analyzed, which are wind, artificial external inflow augmentation and internal local flow disturbance by pump circulation. It is found that the role of wind can be disregarded. For the eco-hydraulics technique of external lake water inflow augmentation, the water flowing route should be firstly optimized, further, the lake inflow has a critical value under specified water level due to the narrow inlets, so the whole lake is difficult to reach the critical velocity to prevent algal bloom, and a combination of external inflow augmentation and internal local flowing disturbance should be considered. Simulation results show that the combination of external water inflow augmentation and internal local flow disturbance requires less eco-flow to achieve the global critical velocity than the sole internal local flow disturbance, for the Ludao Lake, the former requires total eco-flow of 25 m3/s, which reduces by 50% than the latter requiring total eco-flow of 52 m3/s.     

玉林水源地水库富营养化污染现状与对策

通过对玉林重点饮用水源地的调查、监测与评价,发现部分水库水质受污染、水体富营养化问题突出,分析了水库富营养化污染的危害与成因,提出防治水库富营养化污染的对策,促进城乡水库饮用水源地的安全管理,确保实现社会及城乡饮水与生态的安全.     

水体富营养化预警模型研究现状和发展趋势

水体富营养化及修复是我国当前水环境保护的研究热点,有害藻华的预测预警模型是预测水体富营养化的重要工具,并为修复水体提供技术支撑。从有害藻华运动的预测预警、数据驱动和藻类生长模型3个方面,介绍国内外水体富营养化预警模型的研究进展和应用现状,并比较不同模型之间的优缺点,为模型准确度的提高和进一步发展提供参考。     

东平湖水质现状与可持续旅游开发

根据2008年水质监测,东平湖水质趋于恶化,水体富营养化已达中富-富营养化水平。针对日益兴盛的旅游业对东平湖水环境产生的不利影响,分析了东平湖旅游开发存在的问题,并提出旅游开发与水环境保护并举、充分发挥政府的主导作用、提高湖区人民和游客的环境保护意识、建立可持续生态旅游系统等建议。     

鹤地水库富营养化状况分析与防治对策

利用鹤地水库2002—2007年的水质监测资料,通过卡尔森指数方法对水库富营养化现状进行评价,同时分析其变化趋势及成因,最后提出一些防治对策。     

Lake Chivero: A management case study

Lake Chivero in Zimbabwe was shown to be hypereutrophic. Historical data showed that the eutrophication process had been arrested in the late 1970s. However, a combination of poor planning, multiplicity of jurisdiction, mismatch between rate of urbanization and waste management investment, recent changes in the local climate and a permissive, immature political system that called for no public accountability resulted in environmental management breakdown leading to hypereutrophication of the lake. The case of Lake Chivero is presented as an example of a wider global issue regarding the status of environmental management in competition with other priorities in emerging democracies.     

浅水湖泊水生态数学模型研究及应用

该文针对珠三角感潮浅水湖泊水环境模拟问题,在二维水流-污染物输移耦合数学模型基础上,结合WASP(water quality analysis simulation program)水生态数学模型原理,考虑溶解氧、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、有机氮、无机磷、有机磷、碳生化需氧量和叶绿素a等8个水质变量及其相互作用的溶解氧平衡子系统、氮循环子系统、磷循环子系统和浮游植物动力学子系统,建立了浅水湖泊水生态数学模型。通过室内实验系统模拟了珠三角某典型感潮人工湖泊外江来水营养条件对蓝藻生长的影响,确定了蓝藻生长速率等关键模型参数,并模拟了湖泊不同换水方案下叶绿素a的时空分布规律,为控制湖泊水体富营养化、预防蓝藻水华爆发提供科学依据。     

长湖水质演变特征及水环境现状评价

利用湖北省长湖2001-2011年的水质监测资料,分析了长湖年际及月际的水质演变规律。结果表明,2005年长湖水质达到最差,然后呈逐渐好转趋势,至2011年,长湖水质已有明显改善。在1个水文年内,长湖的水质优劣顺序依次是：丰水期,平水期,枯水期。利用模糊综合评价方法对2011年长湖水质状况进行评价,结果表明,该年3个水期长湖水质状况的最大隶属等级为Ⅰ类,水质较好。利用卡尔森指数法对长湖2011年丰水期进行富营养化评价,结果表明,除习家口水域外,全湖水体基本上处于中度富营养化水平。对长湖水环境压力进行分析,结果表明,长湖的生态系统正面临衰退困境,而主要污染物的年入湖量已大大超出长湖的纳污能力。     

基于PCA的于桥水库富营养化因子分析

为了加强城市供水安全,保障库区饮用水质量,对于桥水库富营养状况及主要影响因素进行深入的分析.根据于桥水库库区的水质监测资料,利用主成分分析的方法对影响富营养化的监测指标如叶绿素a,总氮,总磷,氨氮,高锰酸盐指数等进行分析,10项评价指标通过主成分分析降维到4项,前4个主成分能够解释73.6％的数据内容.在主成分筛选的基础上进一步进行因子分析,并对各因子的空间分布状况进行描述,以期为于桥水库生态管理提供理论依据.结果表明:水温、pH、COD及溶解氧是影响水库水体富营养化的主要驱动因子,水库中心区域的各主成分值最高.