基于属性识别模型的湖泊富营养化评价

为合理地确定湖泊的富营养化状态,从属性识别理论出发,建立了湖泊富营养化评价的属性识别模型,并结合熵权法确定的权重系数对东昌湖的富营养化状态进行评价。评价结果为各湖区全年均属于富营养化级别,并且7月份的富营养化程度最高,12月份次之,4月份最低,这与集对分析法和模糊识别方法评价的结果一致。表明该模型的评价结果是合理的;同时该模型简便、易懂,可作为湖泊富营养化评价的一种可行方法。     

URBANIZATION IMPAIRS SURFACE WATER QUALITY: EUTROPHICATION AND METAL STRESS IN THE GRAND CANAL OF CHINA

Rapid urbanization leads to degradations upon water quality via eutrophication and pollution, but there are a lack of studies on patterns of water quality change to urbanization by level or process. China has achieved the most rapid urbanization in the world within the past three decades, and its urban development is diverse at level. Nine towns and cities at various development levels along the historic Grand Canal (approximately 1500 years old) were selected to reveal direct linkages between surface water quality and extent of urbanization. Surface water quality in the urban sections of the Grand Canal was impaired by both eutrophic nitrogen and phosphorus and metals. Although metals mostly remained at concentrations permissible to the Chinese National Environmental Standard for Surface Water Quality (GB3838‐2002), the concentrations of metals in most urban canal water might impose an unacceptable effect on aquatic communities according to the Criterion Continuous Concentration from the National Recommended Water Quality Criteria for Priority Toxic Pollutants (US EPA 2006). The loadings of metals in the urban canal were found relating to local industrial activities. The level of urbanization, in this study, was significantly related to water quality parameters in a descending order of electrical conductivity > nutrients > metals. This study suggests that significant mitigation strategies are required for the Grand Canal of China for a sustainable urbanization goal. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

固定化光合细菌对水体富营养化的去除效果

为了探索对富营养化水体的微生物修复方法,采用固定化光合细菌进行人工模拟的富营养化水体处理试验。试验结果表明,接种固定化光合细菌比对照可明显地降低水体中的养分。19d的处理时间,TN、NH4-N、NO3-N、TP和COD的去除率分别达到了65.94%,79.84%,78.80%,62.95%,78.06%,并且接种光合细菌对水体中的藻类也起到一定的抑制作用。接种光合细菌增加了水体的DO和pH值,同时也提高了硝化率以及光合细菌数,而水体中这些因素的变化都与水体中养分的去除效果密切相关。因此富营养化水体修复中接种固定化光合细菌可以起到去除养分的目的。     

水动力条件对藻华的影响

水动力条件在湖泊富营养化及藻华爆发的过程中起着决定性的作用.研究了水动力条件对藻类生长的影响,从而找出控制藻类生长的关键因素和相关参数.对于防治藻华具有重要意义.     

富营养化湖库水源地原位控藻技术研究进展

综述近年来出现的值得关注的湖库水源地原位控藻技术,包括生态浮岛技术、改性黏土及植物浸出液控藻技术、鱼控藻技术、遮光控藻技术、扬水筒技术以及以物理生态工程为代表的联合技术等,认为将各项技术进行联合以达到水质修复和减灾防灾的双重目的将是重要的发展方向。     

State-of-the-art management models for lakes and reservoirs

This paper reviews current models that can be used in lake management, mainly for eutrophication and wetland areas. The latter type of model, in particular, has developed rapidly during the past decade due to the increasing importance of wetlands as traps for nutrients originating from non-point sources. The experience gained in lake modelling since the mid-1980s can be summarized as follows: (i) 3-D hydrodynamic models are available today but are not necessarily the right answer to a given modelling problem (dependent on data availability); (ii) models with a wide spectrum of complexities are available which make it possible to select a type of model appropriate to available data; and (iii) several models with general applicability are available, yet it is necessary to tailor a model for each individual case (generally based on experience from previous model studies). The experience gained by the use of the so-called Glumsø model on 25 case studies led to the same conclusion: modifications are needed in the original model for each new case study to allow for the specific characteristics of the lake modelled. Lake management models have been developed for eutrophication, oxygen depletion, various specific pollution problems, thermocline formation, acidification, and the use of wetlands to cope with non-point pollution, particularly for removal of nitrogen by denitrification. An overview of available models, including their shortcomings, is given in the text. We have experience in using models for many different environmental problems of lakes, but it is necessary to improve these models by including more ecological components. These improvements are discussed in relation to the most recent experiences in the use of models with dynamic structures.     

化感植物-填料浮床装置的设计与应用

将传统浮床与水生植物的化感作用相结合,并配合生物填料,设计了化感植物-填料浮床装置。该浮床装置中的植物选择了香菇草,浮床填料分别选择了砾石、麦饭石、果壳、活性氧化铝、聚氨酯。该装置的应用结果表明:1香菇草种植水对于铜绿微囊藻的生长具有良好的化感抑制效果;2除果壳填料外,4种填料都能显著改善试验水质,有效降低水体中的Chl-a质量浓度;3化感植物-填料浮床装置能有效降低富营养化水体中的CODMn、TN、TP质量浓度和浊度等理化指标,并使水体中的DO显著升高,消除水体黑臭。     

浮游生物生物学评价在乐昌峡水质监测中的应用

浮游生物是水生食物链的基础,在水生生态系统中占有重要地位,许多浮游生物对环境变化反应很敏感,可作为水质的指示生物。该文以乐昌峡水利枢纽水库中浮游生物的香农—威纳多样性指数[1]和群落均匀度指数评价库区水体营养状况,该方法区别于常规水质监测模式,从另一个方面反映了水体水质,可为乐昌峡水环境保护工作提供依据,对提高枢纽水资源管理水平,保障枢纽的安全、高效运行具有重要意义。     

玉林水源地水库富营养化污染现状与对策

通过对玉林重点饮用水源地的调查、监测与评价,发现部分水库水质受污染、水体富营养化问题突出,分析了水库富营养化污染的危害与成因,提出防治水库富营养化污染的对策,促进城乡水库饮用水源地的安全管理,确保实现社会及城乡饮水与生态的安全.     

Eutrophication, phytoplankton dynamics and nutrient removal in two man-made urban lakes (Palácio de Cristal and Serralves), Porto, Portugal

Urban lakes are prone to eutrophication because of a number of factors, including a high water residence time (slow flushing rate), and high nutrient loads from artificial feeding of waterfowl and fish by visitors and from waterfowl faeces, falling leaves and nutrient run‐off from adjacent areas. This study focuses on the ecology of two similar‐sized urban lakes in Porto, Portugal, that exhibit some differing characteristics conducive to different trophic states and nutrient removal efficiencies. Although similar in many aspects, the two reservoirs developed quite diverse phytoplankton communities. The higher nitrogen load to Palácio de Cristal Lake could be the result of the higher concentration in its underground influent stream, while a less‐oxidized nitrogen form (ammonia) is higher in Serralves Lake. Nitrate concentrations are higher in Palácio de Cristal Lake than in Serralves as a result mainly of high nitrate loads (maximum values above 80 mg L⁻¹) in its influent stream. Interestingly, however, its nitrate removal efficiency is greater than for Serralves Lake. Cyanobacteria are the dominal phytoplankton In both lakes throughout the year. However, only one genus of this group (Pseudoanabaena mucicola) was the dominant phytoplankton in Palácio de Cristal Lake, while five Cyanobacteria species co‐dominated in Serralves lake. Regular monitoring of Cyanobacteria and their toxins in urban recreation lakes is advised.