基于进化算法的湖泊富营养化投影寻踪回归预测模型

为了建立湖泊富营养化预测模型,选择了与水质富营养化关系密切的工业废水排放量、城市生活污水排放量、农业面源污染负荷比等影响因子及工业废水达标排放率、生活污水处理率等因素作为湖泊富营养化的预测建模指标,建立了基于投影寻踪回归（PPR）的富营养状态的综合指数预测模型。通过把PPR模型表示为直观的参数矩阵形式,用对参数矩阵的优化运算替代传统PPR的多重平滑回归计算技术,简化了运算。结合太湖周边社会、经济影响因子有关资料和太湖水质指标数据,采用粒子群算法(PSO)和免疫进化算法(IEA)对模型中的参数进行优化,得到优化后适用于太湖富营养化综合指数的PPR预测模型。对太湖未来的富营养状态发展趋势进行了预测,结果表明,若不加大治理力度,未来5～30年内太湖富营养化有逐渐加重趋势,因而提出了防治太湖富营养化进一步恶化的调控方案,可为太湖水质富营养化的治理和决策提供参考依据。     

红枫湖水库底质污染物富集现状分析

通过测定红枫湖水库底质样品中有机碳、总氮、总磷、氨态氮、有机氮和亚铁的含量,对红枫湖水库底质与湖泊富营养化的关系进行了评价分析。结果表明:有机质质量比平均值为38.43 g/kg,含量丰富;总磷质量分数平均值为0.140%,含量高且在湖中各点差异明显;湖泊底质氮质量分数为0.574%,总体偏高;总有机碳和总氮的相关系数r1=0.219(p0.05),相关性不显著,有机碳与总磷的相关系数r2=0.809(p0.01),具有显著相关性;底质有机指数较高;底质中碳氮比值表明其中的有机质主要来源于藻类等浮游生物,总氮和总磷主要来源于外源污染物的排入。     

国内湖泊水质污染及富营养化治理

湖泊水质污染及生态恢复是我国当前水环境保护所面临的主要问题。在国内湖泊富营养化防治调研的基础上,对我国重点治理的“三湖”水环境状况及治理对策进行了总结与分析,提出国内湖泊治理存在的问题和对策,以及官厅水库水污染防治应注意的问题。     

骆马湖生态建设

骆马湖为浅水湖泊,具有典型的过水性特征,已经处于中富营养化阶段。通过对骆马湖富营养化发生机制的研究,发现入湖河道携入大量营养物质入湖和水生植物的破坏是骆马湖富营养化进程加快的主要原因。为了保护骆马湖水质,提出对骆马湖生态建设的意见:建立自然保护区,建设入湖口人工湿地,建设骆马湖生态湖滨,通过生态渔业和生态旅游实现骆马湖的可持续开发。     

Processes controlling soil phosphorus release to runoff and implications for agricultural management

Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural land to surface waters is well known as an environmental issue because of the role of P in freshwater eutrophication. Much research has been conducted on the erosion and loss of P in sediments and surface runoff. Recently, P loss in sub-surface runoff via agricultural drainage has been identified as environmentally significant. High soil P levels are considered as a potential source of P loss. However, without favourable hydrological conditions P will not move. In this paper, we review the basis of soil P release into solution and transport in surface and sub-surface runoff. Our objectives are to outline the role of soil P and hydrology in P movement and management practices that can minimize P loss to surface waters. Remedial strategies to reduce the risk of P loss in the short-term are discussed, although it is acknowledged that long-term solutions must focus on achieving a balance between P inputs in fertilizers and feed and P outputs in production systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Treatment and Disposal Scheme for the Sewage of Athens

The sewage from the Greater Athens area is discharged without treatment to the nearby Saronicos Gulf. Recently the Greek government decided to implement an appropriate treatment and disposal scheme, on the basis of a study of the hydrodynamic behaviour of the Gulf and the fate of the discharged pollutants. The study was conducted with the aid of suitable hydrodynamic and water quality models for a number of alternative treatment schemes, ranging from primary treatment to biological treatment with seasonal nitrogen removal, combined with outfalls of different lengths. The results indicate that, although none of the examined schemes will lead to an immediate substantial impact, the scheme that includes biological treatment with seasonal nitrogen removal can eliminate the danger of serious ecological disturbances at a reasonable cost.     

Eutrophication problems in Emilia Romagna,Italy: Monitoring the nutrient load discharged to the littoral zone of the Adriatic Sea

The deteriorating eutrophic state of the northern Adriatic Sea led to the commissioning of a study between 1977 and 1979 to identify the sources and forms of the nutrients phosphorus and nitrogen discharged from the basin of the river Savio. The study investigated the reduction in the phosphorus load in sewage per head of population caused by a reduction in the phosphorus content of detergents used in the basin and by the use of septic tanks. The flow and nutrient loads carried by the river were monitored during dry and wet weather to establish annual nutrient loads carried to the sea. An extensive sampling programme was carried out to quantify the principal sources of nutrients of which the most important were pig farming, Man and chemical fertilisers. An attempt was made to balance the nutrient loads discharged from the basin.     

改性玄武岩岩棉去除富营养化水体中磷的研究

对废弃玄武岩岩棉通过改性去除富营养化水中的磷,进行了试验研究.结果表明,采用超声波加热、浓度为1%的NaOH改性的岩棉对磷的去除效果最佳,当水体中总磷的浓度为0.58～0.85mg/L时,在改性岩棉用量为每7g/100mL、吸附时间为90min、pH为7.2的试验条件下,总磷的去除率为50%以上,使用后的岩棉经再生可重复使用.     

富营养化湖库水源地原位控藻技术研究进展

综述近年来出现的值得关注的湖库水源地原位控藻技术,包括生态浮岛技术、改性黏土及植物浸出液控藻技术、鱼控藻技术、遮光控藻技术、扬水筒技术以及以物理生态工程为代表的联合技术等,认为将各项技术进行联合以达到水质修复和减灾防灾的双重目的将是重要的发展方向。     

水动力条件对藻华的影响

水动力条件在湖泊富营养化及藻华爆发的过程中起着决定性的作用.研究了水动力条件对藻类生长的影响,从而找出控制藻类生长的关键因素和相关参数.对于防治藻华具有重要意义.