深层低渗气藏岩心渗透率测试技术探索

储层岩石渗透率是量度油气流动能力最重要的物性参数之一。因此,准确测定地层岩石渗透率,特别是地层岩石就地渗透率对科学开发油气田具有重要意义。深层低渗气藏由于上覆压力大、地温高、渗透率低(一般小于1×10     

基于岩心核磁共振实验数据确定阳离子交换容量

以HSK方程为基础,提出了一种利用岩心核磁共振实验数据计算阳离子交换容量Qv的方法.该方法与湿式化学阳离子交换容量分析法相比存在一定的误差.12块岩样数据显示,相对误差范围12％～95％,平均相对误差为55％.分别从溶液矿化度、核磁共振总孔隙度以及黏土束缚水T2截止值等参数出发,开展了核磁共振确定阳离子交换容量影响因素分析研究.黏土束缚水T2截止值是影响核磁共振计算阳离子交换容量的关键参数,黏土束缚水T2截止值是可变的,而不是传统意义上的3 ms.基于岩心核磁共振准确求取阳离子交换容量的前提是准确求取黏土束缚水T2截止值.     

岩石破坏后力学特性及其对天然气开采的影响

地层在失去应力平衡后,岩石将发生破坏,而岩石的岩性差异导致破坏后的力学特性也相差较大。岩石在峰值强度后将产生走向各异的裂缝;若岩石在破坏后产生大量岩粉,将堵塞地层中的喉道和裂缝,导致储层的渗流能力降低。选用四川盆地4个区块的4类岩性的多个岩样进行三轴压缩实验,根据岩样峰值强度后的破坏模式定义了3种类型:Ⅰ型岩样破坏后将产生拉伸裂缝,并且应力突降;Ⅱ型岩样破坏后将产生剪切裂缝,应力缓慢降低;Ⅲ型岩样破坏后将产生拉伸与剪切裂缝,应力往复变化。Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型岩样在破坏后形成的裂缝较为单一,且裂缝面光滑;Ⅲ型岩样在破坏后形成走向各异的裂缝,且产生大量的岩粉,影响天然气开采。针对Ⅲ型岩样破坏后产生大量的岩粉,以煤岩为例,提出采用超前预防处理以及在排采期进行治理的措施。     

HMX状态方程与弹性性能的分子动力学研究

利用COMPASS力场,采用NPT系综对β-HMX晶体进行了温度为295K,压力为0—27GPa的分子动力学模拟并进行静态力学分析。研究了β-HMX的压缩各向异性,得到了295K下β-HMX的等温线,用不同状态方程对结果进行拟合,求得了零压下β-HMX体积模量民及其关于p的一阶导数K＇0。计算结果表明,用不同方程拟合得到的K0和K＇0存在差异。通过静态力学分析,得到了弹性系数以及各模量随压力的变化情况,通过对G／K与C12-C44（柯西压）的研究发现JB-HMX的硬度随着压力的增大而增大,在大压力作用下材料由脆性到韧性转变。     

芦山地震中大跨空间结构主要破坏模式及数值分析

为探究短边距混凝土网架平板支座的受力机理和破坏模式,分别针对不同混凝土边距以及不同钢底板开孔形式共3个平板支座缩尺试件进行拟静力试验。对平板支座试件的破坏模式、滞回曲线、混凝土柱上层箍筋应变进行分析。试验结果表明：采用规范中对抗剪锚筋混凝土边距的建议长度,不能避免支座混凝土边缘破坏发生,但是混凝土柱上层箍筋对混凝土边缘的约束作用明显,并且采用开长孔钢底板并合理设计开孔长度,能有效推迟甚至避免发生混凝土边缘破坏。     

A practical procedure to assess critical defects in pressure vessels subjected to fatigue loads

PSA pressure vessels are equipments used in refining industries for cleaning the hydrogen upcoming from the reforming or hydrogen generation unities. In one regular inspection, some embedded cracks were found in the entrance nozzle-head weld. Then, instead of advance its decommissioning and waste much time until the refinery purchase a new vessel, a structural stress analysis using the finite element method was performed in order to obtain the stress field at the site of the crack, considering the real loading cycle. Despite the acting load is only the internal pressure, the nozzle-head weld is a region where a complex stress state is present (bending and axial stresses). ASME VIII Division 2, Appendix 5 addresses this issue by applying a rule for multiaxial fatigue life estimation for non-proportional loading. With ASME estimated fatigue life results, it was applied the British Standard 7910 procedure to decide if the equipment can operate safely. The calculation also assesses the crack growing by using a modified bi-linear Paris law. Finally, it was computed how long the cracks would take to get to their critical size and then retire definitively the equipment.     

On the experimental and numerical investigation of clay/epoxy nanocomposites

Due to increasing use of clay/epoxy nanocomposites in industry, investigation of mechanical properties of clay nanocomposites has become of great interest. While the stiffening mechanism of clay nanocomposites is well documented, there is still not a clear understanding about how addition of clays affect the fracture behavior of clay/epoxy nanocomposites. The main aim of this paper is to measure and explain the effect of clays on ductility reduction of these nanocomposites. First, epoxy and clay/epoxy nanocomposites with different clay weight ratio were built. Then, the damage parameters of epoxy and clay/epoxy nanocomposites were measured by variation of the elasticity modulus. Based on loading–unloading experiments, the Lemaitre damage parameters for epoxy and clay/epoxy nanocomposites were extracted. Crack initiation and propagation in dog-bone sample were simulated for epoxy and clay/epoxy nanocomposites using the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). The comparison between experimental and numerical results shows that the proposed method can predict the crack initiation location and propagation path in clay/epoxy nanocomposites.     

HTPB推进剂危险性实验研究

依据联合国危险品分级方法,探讨了热刺激、机械刺激和冲击波刺激对低燃速HTPB推进剂、高燃速HTPB推进剂和四组元HTPB推进剂危险性的影响。结果表明,3种HTPB推进剂的热安定性良好,但对火焰热刺激均十分敏感,具有爆燃性;高燃速HTPB推进剂对机械刺激也极其敏感,摩擦感度(p)为96%,撞击感度特性(H50)为37.2 cm。在无约束条件下,3种HTPB推进剂裸药柱对雷管爆轰作用不敏感,而在钢管的强约束条件下,四组元HTPB推进剂对爆轰冲击波作用敏感,隔板值大于18mm。     

高斯光束照明单透镜系统的动态散斑

对随机位相屏产生的动态散斑可以根据照明方式及光路设计方法进行分类研究。根据T.Yoshimura的文章所提出的理论公式,我们对高斯光束照明的单透镜成像系统的动态散斑进行了实验测量。实验证明理论公式正确,实验结果与理论予期值符合也说明我们所使用的实验方法可行。在实验过程中,我们提出一种新的拟合方法,从而解决了实验常数的确定问题。     

一种信号检测与处理综合实验平台的研制

基于TMS320F2812的信号检测与处理综合实验平台,具有覆盖知识面宽、可操作性强和演示效果明显等特点。学生在平台上可进行传感器实验、流量仪表实验以及DSP实验。实验对象包括自动化、电气工程及自动化、生物医学工程、控制科学与工程等专业的高年级本科生和研究生。